But legislators do have significant control over UC’s purse strings and the governor and lieutenant governor sit on the UC Board of Regents. Here are three takeaways from the state’s response so far.
UC already has a small side door—and will be double-checking the locks now.
UC policy allows campuses to admit up to 6 percent of each entering class as “admissions by exception,” meaning they might not meet the usual standards but have a special talent such as athletics or performing arts.
Those under-the-radar admissions are the ones the FBI alleges parents exploited at UC and elite private schools, by bribing sports coaches to bring on their children as walk-on players.
These special admissions cases can also be used to increase geographic and cultural diversity, Provost Michael Brown told legislators Tuesday, by admitting students who were home-schooled or attended high schools in rural areas that don’t offer the courses that UC usually requires.
Brown said actual admissions by exception usually amount to no more than 2 percent of each entering class — campuses rarely use their entire quota because demand for regular slots is so high. Including transfer students, the UC system received nearly 218,000 undergraduate applications for the 2019-2020 school year.
UC says it doesn’t set aside any admissions slots for donors or legacy students — those whose parents attended the university — and audits a random sampling of applications each year to ensure the information submitted is accurate.
Regardless, admissions by exception will likely be a focus of UC’s internal investigation into the extent of the fraud.
“We are going to scrub this and see what we can do to improve our processes and … make it very difficult for anyone to take advantage of our system,” said the UC’s chief audit officer, Alex Bustamante.
The scandal has reignited debate over the use of the SAT and ACT exams in admissions.
More than 1,000 colleges and universities nationwide have stopped requiring applicants to submit SAT or ACT test scores, according to the nonprofit FairTest—including the prestigious University of Chicago, which scrapped the requirement last year.
UC, so far, hasn’t joined their ranks. But the revelation that wealthy families could so brazenly game the tests has reinvigorated the university’s ongoing deliberation about their future use.
At the request of UC President Janet Napolitano, a faculty task force has for the last several months been studying whether standardized tests accurately predict how well a student will succeed at the university. Critics of the SAT and ACT have long argued that they perpetuate racial disparities and favor applicants whose families can afford expensive test prep courses.
“I think the scandal has helped people understand how these tests have become synonymous with privilege,” said UC Regent Eloy Ortiz Oakley, a longtime critic of the SAT who also serves as chancellor of the California Community Colleges. “What I’m hearing from my colleagues is outrage and concern and a heightened interest in getting back the recommendation from the Academic Senate.”
The College Board defends the SAT’s integrity, saying it relies on schools to provide fair testing environments, but it has also taken measures to increase security in recent years.
“No single admissions criteria is perfect, but objective measures like college entrance exams protect hardworking, honest students by making fraud harder to pull off and easier to detect,” Zachary Goldberg, a spokesperson for the College Board, said in an email.
About 60 percent of freshman applicants to UC’s fall 2019 class submitted SAT scores, 20 percent sent ACT scores, and the rest took both exams. Cal State requires the test for applicants whose high school GPAs are lower than 3.0, or who want to attend a high demand campus or program.
One option UC could pursue: relying more on the Smarter Balanced tests the state already requires all students to take in 11th grade. Designed to align with school curriculum, Smarter Balanced exams do about as well as the SAT at predicting whether a student will get good grades in their first year at UC or Cal State and return for a second year, according to a forthcoming UC Davis study.
However, the study found both tests were less effective at predicting outcomes for low-income students, said lead author Michal Kurlaender, a UC Davis education professor. Students outside California wouldn’t necessarily have access to the Smarter Balanced exams. And in-school state assessment tests, while free and convenient for students to take, have faced cheating scandals of their own.
Expect athletic admissions to come under more scrutiny.
UC officials say all candidates who are recommended by athletic coaches go through an independent review before they’re admitted.
“For all the processes I know about, no single individual is able to pull the trigger on a decision,” Brown said Tuesday.
But the checks and balances seem to have failed in the case of Jorge Salcedo, a UCLA soccer coach indicted on suspicion of taking $200,000 in bribes to accept two recruits who in fact had never played the sport competitively. UCLA placed Salcedo on leave last week.
When asked whether admissions officers actually contact a student’s high school to verify athletic accomplishments, Han Mi Yoon-Wu, UC’s vice president of undergraduate admissions, acknowledged that they often rely on coaches’ expertise.
That should change, said Eddie Comeaux, a former professional baseball player and current chair of UC’s Board of Admissions and Relations with Schools, the faculty panel that oversees admissions.
“My suggestion would be to make sure you have more faculty oversight,” he said, adding that the admissions board will take up the issue at its April meeting. He pointed to UC Berkeley, which tightened admissions standards for athletes in recent years in response to low graduation rates among its football players, as a possible model.
That’s one reform legislators might also urge UC to adopt.
“We need to make sure the person who got on the swim team knows how to swim,” McCarty said.
This story and other higher education coverage are supported by the College Futures Foundation.
