Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro was cured of 'bubble baby' disease with a treatment funded by the California stem cell agency. The bubble around her is for fun, not to keep her separated from others. (Alysia Vacarro)
The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.
In TV advertisements, celebrities Michael J. Fox and Christopher Reeve, both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.
The ads ran in support of Proposition 71, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had issued rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or CIRM, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.
Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research plan on asking California voters to pony up for round two.
And those stem cell breakthroughs?
Sponsored
Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.
The Pitch
Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.
For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.
“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”
Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.
“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?" Yaroslavsky said. "Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”
Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, Americans for Cures, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.
Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.
“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.
A 2012 independent review commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.
As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.
“Look, we paid $6.5 billion just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”
Where Are the Cures?
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.
In Fox's 30-second spot, he used the word “cures” three times.
Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or SCID, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health estimates approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.
A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.
She was cured.
Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.
Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a new port for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to slow down the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.
Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or reversing retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and injecting stem cells into patients with severe spinal injuries.
The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or RMAT, status.
Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other diseases and conditions, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.
But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.
Miracles Capture the Imagination
Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.
Timothy Ray Brown, the famous "Berlin patient," for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.
The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called California Stem Cell Report.
"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive," Jensen said. "It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing."
That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.
Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.
“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”
Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'
Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.
“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.
"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”
But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an interview with KQED in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is "something [CIRM] has had to live with."
Opposition during the first ballot measure was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.
Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and induced pluripotent stem cells in addition to embryonic cells.
And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.
"I mean, how can you be against that?" Jensen said.
But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the governing board, Jensen has been reporting— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent conflict-of-interest policies in 2013.)
Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.
“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”
Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.
“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”
She said stem cell research "privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”
Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.
“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me."
Concerns vs. Cures
CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.
“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”
At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the end of 2019 — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the topics for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.
Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.
Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.
Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.
Sponsored
“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”
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Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","title":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","headTitle":"KQED Future of You | KQED Science","content":"\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bv07QyLXQ031CUEZCQOytRKusurX2p1i\"]A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jHMWEkOPxg4IYTLSL83TfP2I7GjhjcyI\"]That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=FjXiRx7DvzQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n","disqusIdentifier":"438169 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=438169","disqusUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/01/16/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more/","stats":{"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"hasAudio":false,"hasPolis":false,"wordCount":2291,"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"paragraphCount":67},"modified":1516647437,"excerpt":"Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?","headData":{"twImgId":"","twTitle":"","ogTitle":"","ogImgId":"","twDescription":"","description":"Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?","title":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More? | KQED","ogDescription":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"Article","headline":"Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?","datePublished":"2018-01-16T07:45:27-08:00","dateModified":"2018-01-22T10:57:17-08:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"David Gorn","jobTitle":"KQED Contributor","url":"https://www.kqed.org/author/dgorn"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"8656","meta":{"index":"authors_1716337520","id":"8656","found":true},"name":"David Gorn","firstName":"David","lastName":"Gorn","slug":"dgorn","email":"dgorn+donotmail@sbcglobal.net","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"David Gorn is the former Deputy News Director of KQED Radio. His public radio pieces have appeared on NPR, the World, Marketplace and the California Report.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":null,"facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"news","roles":["subscriber"]},{"site":"futureofyou","roles":["author"]},{"site":"science","roles":["author"]},{"site":"quest","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"David Gorn | KQED","description":"KQED Contributor","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/dgorn"}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1.jpg","width":676,"height":381},"ogImageWidth":"676","ogImageHeight":"381","twitterImageUrl":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1.jpg","twImageSize":{"file":"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina-in-a-bubble-1.jpg","width":676,"height":381},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["CIRM","featured","kqedscience","stem cells"]}},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more","status":"publish","source":"KQED Future of You","path":"/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/futureofyou/438169/californias-stem-cell-agency-is-almost-out-of-money-should-voters-ok-5-billion-more","authors":["8656"],"categories":["futureofyou_452","futureofyou_1062","futureofyou_1","futureofyou_73"],"tags":["futureofyou_961","futureofyou_1275","futureofyou_80","futureofyou_680"],"featImg":"futureofyou_438308","label":"source_futureofyou_438169","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.","airtime":"SUN 2pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.possible.fm/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Possible"},"link":"/radio/program/possible","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"}},"1a":{"id":"1a","title":"1A","info":"1A is home to the national conversation. 1A brings on great guests and frames the best debate in ways that make you think, share and engage.","airtime":"MON-THU 11pm-12am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/1a.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://the1a.org/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/1a","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=1188724250&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/1A-p947376/","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510316/podcast.xml"}},"all-things-considered":{"id":"all-things-considered","title":"All Things Considered","info":"Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"13"},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"4"},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.","airtime":"THU 10pm, FRI 1am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts","meta":{"site":"news","source":"Commonwealth Club of California"},"link":"/radio/program/commonwealth-club","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"}},"considerthis":{"id":"considerthis","title":"Consider This","tagline":"Make sense of the day","info":"Make sense of the day. Every weekday afternoon, Consider This helps you consider the major stories of the day in less than 15 minutes, featuring the reporting and storytelling resources of NPR. Plus, KQED’s Bianca Taylor brings you the local KQED news you need to know.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Consider-This-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"Consider This from NPR and KQED","officialWebsiteLink":"/podcasts/considerthis","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"7"},"link":"/podcasts/considerthis","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1503226625?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/coronavirusdaily","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM1NS9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbA","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3Z6JdCS2d0eFEpXHKI6WqH"}},"forum":{"id":"forum","title":"Forum","tagline":"The conversation starts here","info":"KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal","officialWebsiteLink":"/forum","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"8"},"link":"/forum","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast","rss":"https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"}},"freakonomics-radio":{"id":"freakonomics-radio","title":"Freakonomics Radio","info":"Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. 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Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn","officialWebsiteLink":"/mindshift/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":"2"},"link":"/podcasts/mindshift","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"}},"morning-edition":{"id":"morning-edition","title":"Morning Edition","info":"\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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