Cars use fast chargers at a Tesla Supercharger lot in Kettleman City. Tesla recently reached agreements with other automakers to give them access to their chargers. (Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)
California will have to build public charging stations at an unprecedented — and some experts say unrealistic — pace to meet the needs of the 7 million electric cars expected on its roads in less than seven years.
The sheer scale of the build-out has alarmed many experts and lawmakers, who fear that the state won’t be prepared as Californians purchase more electric cars.
A million public chargers are needed in California by the end of 2030, according to the state’s projections — almost 10 times more than the number available to drivers in December. To meet that target, 129,000 new stations — more than seven times the current pace — must be built every year for the next seven years. Then, the pace would have to accelerate again to reach a target of 2.1 million chargers in 2035.
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A robust network of public chargers — akin to the state’s more than 8,000 gas stations — is essential to ensure that drivers will have the confidence to purchase electric vehicles over the next several years.
“It is very unlikely that we will hit our goals, and to be completely frank, the EV goals are a noble aspiration but unrealistic,” said Stanford professor Bruce Cain, who coauthored a policy briefing detailing California’s electric vehicle charging problems. “This is a wakeup call that we address potential institutional and policy obstacles more seriously before we commit blindly.”
Under California’s landmark electric car mandate, a pillar of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s climate change agenda, 68% of all new 2030 model cars sold in the state must be zero emissions, increasing to 100% by 2035, when 15 million electric cars are expected in California.
“We’re going to look really silly if we are telling people that they can only buy electric vehicles, and we don’t have the charging infrastructure to support that,” said Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, a Democrat from Encino who introduced a package of unsuccessful bills last year aimed at expanding access to car chargers.
“We are way behind where we need to be,” Gabriel told CalMatters.
Big obstacles stand in the way of amping up the pace of new charging stations in public places. California will need billions of dollars in state, federal and private investments, streamlined city and county permitting processes, major power grid upgrades and accelerated efforts by utilities to connect chargers to the grid.
State officials are also tasked with ensuring that charging stations are available statewide, in rural and less-affluent areas where private companies are reluctant to invest, and that they are reliable and functioning whenever drivers pull up.
In Pacific Gas & Electric’s vast service area, home to 40% of all Californians, electric car purchases are moving twice as fast as the build-out of charging stations, said Lydia Krefta, the utility’s director of clean energy transportation. Californians now own more than 1.5 million battery-powered cars.
Patty Monahan, who’s on the Energy Commission, the state agency responsible for funding and guiding the ramp-up, told CalMatters that she is confident that California can build the chargers its residents need in time.
The agency’s estimate of the current chargers is likely an undercount, she said. In addition, fast-charging stations could play a bigger role than initially projected, meaning hundreds of thousands of fewer chargers might be needed. Also, as the ranges and charging speeds on cars improve, there may be less demand for public chargers.
“California has a history of defying the odds,” Monahan said. “We have a history of advancing clean cars, clean energy, writ-large. We have naysayers left and right saying you can’t do it, and then we do it.”
Barriers to private investments: an uncertain market
On a September day last year, Monahan spoke behind a podium in the parking lot of a Bay Area grocery store. A row of newly constructed car chargers rose behind her.
“Let’s celebrate for a moment,” she said.
California had met its goal of 10,000 fast electric chargers statewide — two years ahead of the target set in 2018.
Fast chargers, like the new ones at the grocery store, are increasingly seen as critical to meeting the needs of drivers. They can power a car to 80% in 20 minutes to an hour, while the typical charger in use today, a slower Level 2, takes from four to 10 hours.
But installing and operating fast chargers is an expensive business — one that doesn’t easily turn a profit.
Nationwide, each fast charger (PDF) can cost up to $117,000, according to a 2023 study. And in California, it could be even more — between $122,000 and $440,000 each, according to a separate study, although the Energy Commission said the range was $110,000 to $125,000 for one of its programs.
Most of America’s publicly traded charger companies have been forced to seek more financing, lay off workers and slow their network build-outs, analysts said. EVgo, for instance, has seen its share price crater, as has ChargePoint, which specializes in selling the slower Level 2 hardware.
California stands apart from other states — it has by far the most chargers and electric car sales and more incentives and policies encouraging them.
Tesla, America’s top-selling electric car manufacturer, dominates fast-charging in both California and the U.S. — but the company didn’t get into the business to sell charges to drivers; it got into the charger business to sell its electric cars. Initially Tesla Superchargers were exclusive to its drivers, but starting this year other EV drivers can use them after Tesla provided ports to Ford and other automakers.
Tesla’s manufacturing prowess, supply chain dominance and decade-plus of experience with fast chargers have given it an edge over competitors — a coterie of unprofitable, publicly traded startups, as well as private companies that often benefit from public subsidies, according to analysts.
“All the automakers joined forces with their biggest competitor,” said Loren McDonald, chief executive of the consulting firm EVAdoption. “If that doesn’t tell you how bad fast-charging networks and infrastructure were, I don’t know what else does.”
In California, Electrify America, a privately held company, was created by Volkswagen as a settlement for cheating on emissions tests for its gas-powered cars. The company is spending $800 million on California chargers, building a robust network of 260 stations, with more than half in lower-income communities, including the state’s worst charging desert, Imperial County.
The problem is Electrify America was ranked dead last in a consumer survey last year, and reliability problems and customer complaints have plagued its chargers. The California Air Resources Board in January directed Electrify America (PDF) to “strive to achieve charger reliability consistent with the state of the industry.” A company spokesperson said the dissatisfaction showed “an industry in its growth trajectory.” There are signs of improvement, based on consumer data from the first three months of this year.
Startups continue to jump into the charging business, with the number of companies offering fast chargers growing from 14 in 2020 to 41 in 2024, EVAdoption said. Seven carmakers formed a $1 billion venture to build a 30,000-charger network in North America. And gas stations such as Circle K offer more charging because electric car customers spend more time shopping while waiting for their rides to juice up.
But the realization that charging is a costly business has set in on Wall Street, and that doesn’t seem likely to change anytime soon. “Can public EV fast-charging stations be profitable in the United States?” the consultancy McKinsey & Company asked.
“The fervor, the excitement from the investor base, has definitely dwindled quite a bit, given the prospects that EV adoption in the U.S. is going to be slower, revenue growth is really slower, the path to profitability is going to be slower, and they might need more capital than everyone originally expected,” said Christopher Dendrinos, a financial analyst who covers electric car charging companies for the investment bank RBC Capital Markets.
The stakes are high for California when it comes to encouraging investments in expensive fast chargers: If 63,000 additional ones were built, California might need 402,000 fewer slower Level 2 chargers in 2030, according to an alternative forecast (PDF) by the Energy Commission.
Billions of public dollars: Will it be enough?
Nationwide, $53 billion to $127 billion in private investments and public funding is needed by 2030 to build chargers for about 33 million electric cars, according to a federal estimate (PDF). Of that, about half would be for public chargers.
Congress and the Biden administration have set aside $5 billion for a national network of fast chargers. So far, only 33 of the eight locations have been built, but more than 14,000 others are in the works, according to the Federal Highway Administration. California’s share of the federal money totals $384 million; about 500 fast chargers will be built with an initial $40.5 million, Energy Commission spokesperson Lindsay Buckley said.
In addition, the state has spent $584 million to build more than 33,000 electric car chargers (PDF) through its Clean Transportation Program, funded by fees drivers pay when they register cars. The Legislature extended that program for an additional decade last year.
Newsom has committed to spending $1 billion through 2028 on chargers with his “California Climate Commitment (PDF),” Buckley said. But this year, Newsom and the Legislature trimmed $167 million from the charger budget as the state faces a record deficit. A lobbyist for the Electric Vehicle Charging Association said, “The state pullback sends a very challenging message” to the industry.
California’s commitment to charger funding is “solid,” despite the cuts, Buckley said. They have not yet estimated the total investment needed in California to meet the targets.
However, Ted Lamm, a UC Berkeley Law researcher who studies electric car infrastructure, said the magnitude of building what California needs in coming years likely dwarfs the public funding available.
State and federal programs will “only fund a fraction,” and the state needs to spend that money on lower-income communities, he said.
Another possible funding source is California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which is expected to be revised in November. The program requires carbon-intensive fuel companies to pay for cleaner-burning transportation. Utilities get credits and use that money to pay for chargers, rebates to car buyers and grid improvements, said Laura Renger, executive director of the California Electric Transportation Coalition, which represents utilities.
“I think with that, we would have enough money,” Renger said. She said the program’s overhaul could help utilities invest “billions” in chargers and other electric car programs over the next two decades.
Backlogged local permits and grid delays
One of the biggest barriers to more chargers isn’t money. It’s that cities and counties are slow to approve plans for the vast number of stations needed.
State officials only have so much political power to compel local jurisdictions to do what they want — a reality made abundantly clear by the housing crisis, for instance. California relies on grants and persuasion to accomplish its goals, and the slow build-out of chargers shows how those strategies can fall short, said Stanford’s Cain.
“The locals cannot be compelled by regulatory agencies to make land and resources available for what the state wants to achieve,” Cain said.
The same obstacles have marked the state’s broader effort to electrify California and switch to clean energy. Local opposition and environmental reviews sometimes hold up large solar projects and transmission projects for years.
California has created a “culture of regulation that emphasizes the need to be extra careful and extra perfect, but this takes an incredible amount of time,” Steve Bohlen, senior director of government affairs at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said last month at the inaugural hearing of the state Assembly’s Select Committee on Permitting Reform.
“We’re moving into a period of rapid change, and so perfect can’t be the enemy of the good.”
Chargers aren’t as complicated as large-scale solar or offshore wind projects. However, most chargers installed in public spaces need a land-use or encroachment permit, among other approvals.California has passed laws requiring local jurisdictions to streamline permits for chargers. What’s more, the Governor’s Office of Business Development now grades cities and counties using a scorecard (PDF) and maintains a map displaying who has or hasn’t made life easier for car charger builders. But these strategies only go so far.
“It doesn’t matter how many requirements you put on [local governments],” Lamm said. “If they just don’t have the time in the day to do it … it’s going to sit in the backlog because that’s how it works.”
The delays have consequences. Getting a station permitted in California, on average, takes 26% longer (PDF) than the national average, Electrify America reported. Designing and constructing a station in California can cost, on average, 37% more (PDF) than in other states because of delays in permitting and grid connections. A utility, on average, takes 17 weeks after work is completed to connect chargers to the grid, Electric America said.
Powering large charging projects often requires grid upgrades, which can take a year or more for approval, said Chanel Parson, a director at Southern California Edison. Supply chain issues also make getting the right equipment a challenge.
Edison, which has a 10-year plan to meet expected demand, has asked the utilities commission for approval to upgrade the grid where it anticipates high charging demand.
“Every EV charging infrastructure project is a major construction project,” Parson said. “There are a number of variables that influence how long it takes to complete the project.”
Impatient with broken chargers, bad service
Inspired to help the nation reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, Zach Schiff-Abrams of Los Angeles bought a Genesis GV60. As a renter, he has relied on public charging, primarily using Electrify America stations — and that’s been his biggest problem about owning an electric car.
Charging speeds have been inconsistent, he said, with half-hour sessions providing only a 15% to 30% charge, and he often encounters broken chargers.
“I believe in electrical, so I’m really actually trying to be a responsible consumer,” Schiff-Abrams said. “I want to report them when they’re down, but the customer service is horrible.”
In January (PDF), the California Air Resources Board approved a final $200 million spending plan for Electrify America — but not before board chair Liane Randolph scolded its CEO.
Randolph — arguably one of America’s top climate regulators — told CEO Robert Barrosa about an exchange she had with his company’s customer service line after finding a broken charger at a station along Interstate 5.
“It didn’t work,” Randolph said during the board meeting. “Called the customer service line, waited like 10-ish minutes. … [The charger] was showing operable on the app and the guy goes, ‘Oh, my data is showing me that it has not had a successful charge in three days.’”
“These issues are not easy,” Barrosa responded. “Our head is not in the sand,” he told board members (PDF) earlier. “We are listening to customers.”
But Randolph, addressing journalists at a conference in Philadelphia, pushed back against the idea that because the transition to electric vehicles is happening gradually that, it’s a failure. Many people will rely on charging at home or work, and batteries are becoming more efficient.
“The infrastructure is continuing to be rolled out at a rapid pace,” Randolph said. “It doesn’t all have to be perfect instantly. It’s a process. And it’s a process that’s continuing to move.”
Data journalists Erica Yee and Arfa Momin contributed to this report.
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To meet that target, 129,000 new stations — more than seven times the current pace — must be built every year for the next seven years. Then, the pace would have to accelerate again to reach a target of 2.1 million chargers in 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A robust network of public chargers — akin to the state’s more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/california-retail-fuel-outlet-annual-reporting\">8,000 gas stations\u003c/a> — is essential to ensure that drivers will have the confidence to purchase electric vehicles over the next several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very unlikely that we will hit our goals, and to be completely frank, the EV goals are a noble aspiration but unrealistic,” said Stanford professor Bruce Cain, who coauthored a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/overcoming-roadblocks-californias-public-ev-charging-infrastructure\">policy briefing\u003c/a> detailing California’s electric vehicle charging problems. “This is a wakeup call that we address potential institutional and policy obstacles more seriously before we commit blindly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s landmark \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/electric-cars-california-to-phase-out-gas-cars/#:~:text=This%20regulation%20will%20essentially%20end,and%20100%25%20for%202035%20models.\">electric car mandate\u003c/a>, a pillar of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/09/california-ban-gasoline-powered-cars-in-2035/\">climate change agenda\u003c/a>, 68% of all new 2030 model cars sold in the state must be zero emissions, increasing to 100% by 2035, when 15 million electric cars are expected in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to look really silly if we are telling people that they can only buy electric vehicles, and we don’t have the charging infrastructure to support that,” said Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, a Democrat from Encino \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/256707?t=787&f=9187f5030274d8f03a4f6e590a116f76\">who introduced\u003c/a> a package of unsuccessful bills last year aimed at expanding access to car chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are way behind where we need to be,” Gabriel told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://graphic-ev-chargers.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pym_0&parentTitle=CA%20needs%20a%20million%20EV%20chargers%20but%20experts%20say%20that%E2%80%99s%20unlikely%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2F2024%2F07%2Fcalifornia-electric-car-chargers-unrealistic-goals%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big obstacles stand in the way of amping up the pace of new charging stations in public places. California will need billions of dollars in state, federal and private investments, streamlined city and county permitting processes, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/01/california-electric-cars-grid/?series=california-electric-vehicles\">major power grid upgrades\u003c/a> and accelerated efforts by utilities to connect chargers to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials are also tasked with ensuring that charging stations are available statewide, in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/05/electric-car-chargers-california-imperial-county/\">rural and less-affluent areas\u003c/a> where private companies are reluctant to invest, and that they are reliable and functioning whenever drivers pull up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pacific Gas & Electric’s vast service area, home to 40% of all Californians, electric car purchases are moving twice as fast as the build-out of charging stations, said Lydia Krefta, the utility’s director of clean energy transportation. Californians now own \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics-collection/light\">more than 1.5 million\u003c/a> battery-powered cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Monahan, who’s on the Energy Commission, the state agency responsible for funding and guiding the ramp-up, told CalMatters that she is confident that California can build the chargers its residents need in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s estimate of the current chargers is likely an undercount, she said. In addition, fast-charging stations could play a bigger role than initially projected, meaning hundreds of thousands of fewer chargers might be needed. Also, as the ranges and charging speeds on cars improve, there may be less demand for public chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a history of defying the odds,” Monahan said. “We have a history of advancing clean cars, clean energy, writ-large. We have naysayers left and right saying you can’t do it, and then we do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Barriers to private investments: an uncertain market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a September day last year, Monahan spoke behind a podium in the parking lot of a Bay Area grocery store. A row of newly constructed car chargers rose behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s celebrate for a moment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had met its goal of 10,000 fast electric chargers statewide — two years ahead of the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gov.ca.gov/archive/gov39/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/index.html\">target\u003c/a> set in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995800\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Energy Commissioner Patty Monahan speaks during the launch of an EVgo fast charging station in Union City on Sept. 25, 2023. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast chargers, like the new ones at the grocery store, are increasingly seen as critical to meeting the needs of drivers. They can \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/urban-e-mobility-toolkit/e-mobility-basics/charging-speeds\">power a car to 80%\u003c/a> in 20 minutes to an hour, while the typical charger in use today, a slower Level 2, takes from four to 10 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But installing and operating fast chargers is an expensive business — one that doesn’t easily turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85654.pdf#page=46\">Nationwide, each fast charger (PDF)\u003c/a> can cost up to $117,000, according to a 2023 study. And in California, it could be even more — between $122,000 and $440,000 each, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213624X23000238\">a separate study\u003c/a>, although the Energy Commission said the range was $110,000 to $125,000 for \u003ca href=\"https://calevip.org/\">one of its programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of America’s publicly traded charger companies have been forced to seek more financing, lay off workers and slow their network build-outs, analysts said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EVGO:NASDAQ?window=MAX\">EVgo\u003c/a>, for instance, has seen its share price crater, as has \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHPT:NYSE?window=MAX\">ChargePoint\u003c/a>, which specializes in selling the slower Level 2 hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California stands apart from other states — it has by far the most chargers and electric car sales and more incentives and policies encouraging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla, America’s top-selling electric car manufacturer, dominates fast-charging in both California and the U.S. — but the company didn’t get into the business to sell charges to drivers; it got into the charger business to sell its electric cars. Initially Tesla Superchargers were exclusive to its drivers, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging-other-evs#charge-if-not-tesla-vehicle\">starting this year\u003c/a> other EV drivers can use them after Tesla \u003ca href=\"https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2023/05/25/ford-ev-customers-to-gain-access-to-12-000-tesla-superchargers--.html\">provided ports to Ford\u003c/a> and other automakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s manufacturing prowess, supply chain dominance and decade-plus of experience with fast chargers have given it an edge over competitors — a coterie of unprofitable, publicly traded startups, as well as private companies that often benefit from public subsidies, according to analysts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the automakers joined forces with their biggest competitor,” said Loren McDonald, chief executive of the consulting firm EVAdoption. “If that doesn’t tell you how bad fast-charging networks and infrastructure were, I don’t know what else does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995801\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995801\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla vehicles charge at a Supercharger lot in Kettleman City on June 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995832\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"834\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-2048x683.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1920x641.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An EVgo fast charger at El Mercado Plaza Shopping Center in Union City. Right: A Hyundai Ioniq 6 charges at an Electrify America station in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott and Camille Cohen for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, Tesla is showing \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/inside-story-elon-musks-mass-firings-tesla-supercharger-staff-2024-05-15/\">uncertainty about the future of its charging business\u003c/a> amid slumping car sales and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/inside-story-elon-musks-mass-firings-tesla-supercharger-staff-2024-05-15/\">eliminating nearly its entire\u003c/a> 500-member Supercharger team in April. Then chief executive Elon Musk said in May that he would \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1788834859110002716?lang=en\">spend $500 million\u003c/a> to expand the network and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-13/tesla-rehires-some-supercharger-workers-weeks-after-musk-s-culling?accessToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJTdWJzY3JpYmVyR2lmdGVkQXJ0aWNsZSIsImlhdCI6MTcxNTYyMjU0MiwiZXhwIjoxNzE2MjI3MzQyLCJhcnRpY2xlSWQiOiJTREVRQjJUMEFGQjQwMCIsImJjb25uZWN0SWQiOiIzNDVFQTA0MjNBMUQ0NTI2QjY1QkNBNUZDRUJGQThGNiJ9.2RNvF37kKk0-xvIIdZ-YnoQY2ND7fdX3l67QJ5XqjBk\">hired back\u003c/a> some fired workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Electrify America, a privately held company, was created by Volkswagen as a settlement for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-receive-153m-final-settlement-volkswagen\">cheating on emissions tests\u003c/a> for its gas-powered cars. The company is spending $800 million on California chargers, building a robust network of 260 stations, with more than half in lower-income communities, including \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/05/electric-car-chargers-california-imperial-county/\">the state’s worst charging desert\u003c/a>, Imperial County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is Electrify America was ranked dead last in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-electric-vehicle-experience-evx-public-charging-study\">consumer survey\u003c/a> last year, and reliability problems and customer complaints have plagued its chargers. The California Air Resources Board in January \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/books/2024/012524/prores24-2.pdf#page=5\">directed Electrify America (PDF)\u003c/a> to “strive to achieve charger reliability consistent with the state of the industry.” A company spokesperson said the dissatisfaction showed “an industry in its growth trajectory.” There are signs of improvement, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/resources/are-recent-improvements-public-ev-charging-infrastructure-enough-reverse\">consumer data from the first three months\u003c/a> of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Startups continue to jump into the charging business, with the number of companies offering fast chargers growing from 14 in 2020 to 41 in 2024, EVAdoption said. Seven carmakers formed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/26/business/energy-environment/electric-vehicles-fast-chargers-automakers.html\">$1 billion venture\u003c/a> to build a 30,000-charger network in North America. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/articles/big-winner-in-bidens-ev-charging-revolution-gas-stations/\">gas stations\u003c/a> such as Circle K offer more charging because electric car customers spend more time shopping while waiting for their rides to juice up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the realization that charging is a costly business has set in on Wall Street, and that doesn’t seem likely to change anytime soon. “Can public EV fast-charging stations be profitable in the United States?” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinsey.com/features/mckinsey-center-for-future-mobility/our-insights/can-public-ev-fast-charging-stations-be-profitable-in-the-united-states\">consultancy McKinsey & Company asked\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fervor, the excitement from the investor base, has definitely dwindled quite a bit, given the prospects that EV adoption in the U.S. is going to be slower, revenue growth is really slower, the path to profitability is going to be slower, and they might need more capital than everyone originally expected,” said Christopher Dendrinos, a financial analyst who covers electric car charging companies for the investment bank RBC Capital Markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for California when it comes to encouraging investments in expensive fast chargers: If 63,000 additional ones were built, California might need 402,000 fewer slower Level 2 chargers in 2030, according to an alternative \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/24795161/assembly-bill-2127-second-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-second-assessment-revised-staff-report.pdf#page=18\">forecast (PDF)\u003c/a> by the Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Billions of public dollars: Will it be enough?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, $53 billion to $127 billion in private investments and public funding is needed by 2030 to build chargers for about 33 million electric cars, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85654.pdf#page=7\">according to a federal estimate (PDF)\u003c/a>. Of that, about half would be for public chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress and the Biden administration have set aside $5 billion for a national network of fast chargers. So far, only 33 of the eight locations have been built, but more than 14,000 others are in the works, according to the Federal Highway Administration. California’s share of the federal money totals $384 million; about 500 fast chargers will be built with an initial $40.5 million, Energy Commission spokesperson Lindsay Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state has spent $584 million to build more than \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Clean-Transportation-Program-Plan.pdf#page=27\">33,000 electric car chargers (PDF)\u003c/a> through its Clean Transportation Program, funded by fees drivers pay when they register cars. The Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/09/hydrogen-cars-california-funding-legislature/\">extended that program\u003c/a> for an additional decade last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has committed to spending $1 billion through 2028 on chargers with his “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Fact-Sheet-California-Climate-Commitment.pdf\">California Climate Commitment (PDF)\u003c/a>,” Buckley said. But this year, Newsom and the Legislature trimmed $167 million from the charger budget as the state faces a record deficit. A lobbyist for the Electric Vehicle Charging Association said, “The state pullback sends a very challenging message” to the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s commitment to charger funding is “solid,” despite the cuts, Buckley said. They have not yet estimated the total investment needed in California to meet the targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Ted Lamm, a UC Berkeley Law researcher who studies electric car infrastructure, said the magnitude of building what California needs in coming years likely dwarfs the public funding available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal programs will “only fund a fraction,” and the state needs to spend that money on lower-income communities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another possible funding source is California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/low-carbon-fuel-standard\">Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which is expected to be revised in November\u003c/a>. The program requires carbon-intensive fuel companies to pay for cleaner-burning transportation. Utilities get credits and use that money to pay for chargers, rebates to car buyers and grid improvements, said Laura Renger, executive director of the California Electric Transportation Coalition, which represents utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think with that, we would have enough money,” Renger said. She said the program’s overhaul could help utilities invest “billions” in chargers and other electric car programs over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Backlogged local permits and grid delays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest barriers to more chargers isn’t money. It’s that cities and counties are slow to approve plans for the vast number of stations needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials only have so much political power to compel local jurisdictions to do what they want — a reality made \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2024/01/california-zoning/\">abundantly clear\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/housing-crisis/\">housing crisis\u003c/a>, for instance. California relies on grants and persuasion to accomplish its goals, and the slow build-out of chargers shows how those strategies can fall short, said Stanford’s Cain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The locals cannot be compelled by regulatory agencies to make land and resources available for what the state wants to achieve,” Cain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same obstacles have marked the state’s broader effort to electrify California and switch to clean energy. Local opposition and environmental reviews sometimes hold up \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/renewable-energy-california-counties/\">large solar projects\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/07/ceqa-california-energy-grid-state-parks/\">transmission projects\u003c/a> for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has created a “culture of regulation that emphasizes the need to be extra careful and extra perfect, but this takes an incredible amount of time,” Steve Bohlen, senior director of government affairs at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said last month at the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/258152?t=2513&f=37ff81eefb4f72eb25bbcb88ea60fd30\">inaugural hearing of the state Assembly’s Select Committee on Permitting Reform\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving into a period of rapid change, and so perfect can’t be the enemy of the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995836\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"834\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-2048x683.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1920x641.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Workers install a transformer to power electric car chargers in Calexico. Right: A row of new public chargers there. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chargers aren’t as complicated as large-scale solar or \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/10/california-offshore-wind-humboldt/\">offshore wind projects\u003c/a>. However, most chargers installed in public spaces need a land-use or encroachment permit, among other approvals.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>California has \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/industries/zero-emission-vehicles/plug-in-readiness/permitting-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-best-practices/\">passed laws\u003c/a> requiring local jurisdictions to streamline permits for chargers. What’s more, the Governor’s Office of Business Development now grades cities and counties using a \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Permitting-Electric-Vehicle-Charging-Stations-Scorecard.pdf\">scorecard (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/industries/zero-emission-vehicles/plug-in-readiness/\">maintains a map\u003c/a> displaying who has or hasn’t made life easier for car charger builders. But these strategies only go so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t matter how many requirements you put on [local governments],” Lamm said. “If they just don’t have the time in the day to do it … it’s going to sit in the backlog because that’s how it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays have consequences. Getting a station permitted in California, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://media.electrifyamerica.com/assets/documents/original/1160-2023CARBAnnualReportFinal43024Public2.pdf#page=19\">takes 26% longer (PDF)\u003c/a> than the national average, Electrify America reported. Designing and constructing a station in California can cost, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://media.electrifyamerica.com/assets/documents/original/1160-2023CARBAnnualReportFinal43024Public2.pdf#page=19\">37% more (PDF)\u003c/a> than in other states because of delays in permitting and grid connections. A utility, on average, takes 17 weeks after work is completed to connect chargers to the grid, Electric America said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powering large charging projects often requires grid upgrades, which can take a year or more for approval, said Chanel Parson, a director at Southern California Edison. Supply chain issues also make getting the right equipment a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison, which has a 10-year plan to meet expected demand, has asked the utilities commission for approval to upgrade the grid where it anticipates high charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every EV charging infrastructure project is a major construction project,” Parson said. “There are a number of variables that influence how long it takes to complete the project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impatient with broken chargers, bad service\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Inspired to help the nation reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, Zach Schiff-Abrams of Los Angeles bought a Genesis GV60. As a renter, he has relied on public charging, primarily using Electrify America stations — and that’s been his biggest problem about owning an electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging speeds have been inconsistent, he said, with half-hour sessions providing only a 15% to 30% charge, and he often encounters broken chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe in electrical, so I’m really actually trying to be a responsible consumer,” Schiff-Abrams said. “I want to report them when they’re down, but the customer service is horrible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995802\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric vehicles line up at a busy Electrify America charging station in Kettleman City, Kings County. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For years, the reliability of charging networks has been a well-documented problem. Only \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4077554\">73% of fast chargers in the San Francisco Bay Area were functional\u003c/a> in a 2022 study. The growth of the EV market has put increasing strain on public charging stations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2022-us-electric-vehicle-experience-evx-public-charging-study\">a consumer survey found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/mt/2024/mt012524.pdf#page=31\">January (PDF)\u003c/a>, the California Air Resources Board approved a final $200 million spending plan for Electrify America — but not before board chair Liane Randolph scolded its CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randolph — arguably one of America’s top climate regulators — told CEO Robert Barrosa about an exchange she had with his company’s customer service line after finding a broken charger at a station along Interstate 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It didn’t work,” Randolph said during the board meeting. “Called the customer service line, waited like 10-ish minutes. … [The charger] was showing operable on the app and the guy goes, ‘Oh, my data is showing me that it has not had a successful charge in three days.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These issues are not easy,” Barrosa responded. “Our head is not in the sand,” he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/mt/2024/mt012524.pdf#page=45\">told board members (PDF)\u003c/a> earlier. “We are listening to customers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randolph, addressing journalists at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sej.org/initiatives/coverage-sejs-33rd-annual-conference#mini-workshop8-04062024\">conference in Philadelphia\u003c/a>, pushed back against the idea that because the transition to electric vehicles is happening gradually that, it’s a failure. Many people will rely on charging at home or work, and batteries are becoming more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The infrastructure is continuing to be rolled out at a rapid pace,” Randolph said. “It doesn’t all have to be perfect instantly. It’s a process. And it’s a process that’s continuing to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data journalists Erica Yee and Arfa Momin contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Public chargers must be built at an unprecedented pace to meet the target in less than seven years and then doubled to 2 million in 2035. The high cost is just one obstacle.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1721185886,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://graphic-ev-chargers.netlify.app/"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":67,"wordCount":3099},"headData":{"title":"Can California Build a Million EV Charging Stations to Meet Its Clean Energy Goals? | KQED","description":"Public chargers must be built at an unprecedented pace to meet the target in less than seven years and then doubled to 2 million in 2035. The high cost is just one obstacle.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":"","schema":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Can California Build a Million EV Charging Stations to Meet Its Clean Energy Goals?","datePublished":"2024-07-17T04:00:43-07:00","dateModified":"2024-07-16T20:11:26-07:00","image":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_WIDE-EV-Charging-LV_CM_08-copy-1020x574.jpg","isAccessibleForFree":"True","publisher":{"@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","@id":"https://www.kqed.org/#organization","name":"KQED","url":"https://www.kqed.org","logo":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"}},"authorsData":[{"type":"authors","id":"byline_news_11995784","meta":{"override":true},"slug":"byline_news_11995784","name":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a>, CalMatters","isLoading":false}],"imageData":{"ogImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_WIDE-EV-Charging-LV_CM_08-copy-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"ogImageWidth":"1020","ogImageHeight":"574","twitterImageUrl":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_WIDE-EV-Charging-LV_CM_08-copy-1020x574.jpg","twImageSize":{"file":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_WIDE-EV-Charging-LV_CM_08-copy-1020x574.jpg","width":1020,"height":574,"mimeType":"image/jpeg"},"twitterCard":"summary_large_image"},"tagData":{"tags":["electric cars","EVs","transportation"]}},"sticky":false,"nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandro-lazo/\">Alejandro Lazo\u003c/a>, CalMatters","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/news/11995784/california-needs-a-million-ev-charging-stations-but-thats-unlikely-and-unrealistic","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California will have to build public charging stations at an unprecedented — and some experts say unrealistic — pace to meet the needs of the 7 million electric cars expected on its roads in less than seven years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheer scale of the build-out has alarmed many experts and lawmakers, who fear that the state won’t be prepared as Californians purchase more electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million public chargers are needed in California by the end of 2030, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/reports/electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-assessment-ab-2127\">state’s projections\u003c/a> — almost 10 times more than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics-collection/electric\">number available to drivers\u003c/a> in December. To meet that target, 129,000 new stations — more than seven times the current pace — must be built every year for the next seven years. Then, the pace would have to accelerate again to reach a target of 2.1 million chargers in 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A robust network of public chargers — akin to the state’s more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/transportation-energy/california-retail-fuel-outlet-annual-reporting\">8,000 gas stations\u003c/a> — is essential to ensure that drivers will have the confidence to purchase electric vehicles over the next several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very unlikely that we will hit our goals, and to be completely frank, the EV goals are a noble aspiration but unrealistic,” said Stanford professor Bruce Cain, who coauthored a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/overcoming-roadblocks-californias-public-ev-charging-infrastructure\">policy briefing\u003c/a> detailing California’s electric vehicle charging problems. “This is a wakeup call that we address potential institutional and policy obstacles more seriously before we commit blindly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s landmark \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/electric-cars-california-to-phase-out-gas-cars/#:~:text=This%20regulation%20will%20essentially%20end,and%20100%25%20for%202035%20models.\">electric car mandate\u003c/a>, a pillar of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2020/09/california-ban-gasoline-powered-cars-in-2035/\">climate change agenda\u003c/a>, 68% of all new 2030 model cars sold in the state must be zero emissions, increasing to 100% by 2035, when 15 million electric cars are expected in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to look really silly if we are telling people that they can only buy electric vehicles, and we don’t have the charging infrastructure to support that,” said Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, a Democrat from Encino \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/256707?t=787&f=9187f5030274d8f03a4f6e590a116f76\">who introduced\u003c/a> a package of unsuccessful bills last year aimed at expanding access to car chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are way behind where we need to be,” Gabriel told CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://graphic-ev-chargers.netlify.app/?initialWidth=780&childId=pym_0&parentTitle=CA%20needs%20a%20million%20EV%20chargers%20but%20experts%20say%20that%E2%80%99s%20unlikely%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2F2024%2F07%2Fcalifornia-electric-car-chargers-unrealistic-goals%2F\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big obstacles stand in the way of amping up the pace of new charging stations in public places. California will need billions of dollars in state, federal and private investments, streamlined city and county permitting processes, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/01/california-electric-cars-grid/?series=california-electric-vehicles\">major power grid upgrades\u003c/a> and accelerated efforts by utilities to connect chargers to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials are also tasked with ensuring that charging stations are available statewide, in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/05/electric-car-chargers-california-imperial-county/\">rural and less-affluent areas\u003c/a> where private companies are reluctant to invest, and that they are reliable and functioning whenever drivers pull up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Pacific Gas & Electric’s vast service area, home to 40% of all Californians, electric car purchases are moving twice as fast as the build-out of charging stations, said Lydia Krefta, the utility’s director of clean energy transportation. Californians now own \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/zero-emission-vehicle-and-infrastructure-statistics-collection/light\">more than 1.5 million\u003c/a> battery-powered cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patty Monahan, who’s on the Energy Commission, the state agency responsible for funding and guiding the ramp-up, told CalMatters that she is confident that California can build the chargers its residents need in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s estimate of the current chargers is likely an undercount, she said. In addition, fast-charging stations could play a bigger role than initially projected, meaning hundreds of thousands of fewer chargers might be needed. Also, as the ranges and charging speeds on cars improve, there may be less demand for public chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a history of defying the odds,” Monahan said. “We have a history of advancing clean cars, clean energy, writ-large. We have naysayers left and right saying you can’t do it, and then we do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Barriers to private investments: an uncertain market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a September day last year, Monahan spoke behind a podium in the parking lot of a Bay Area grocery store. A row of newly constructed car chargers rose behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s celebrate for a moment,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had met its goal of 10,000 fast electric chargers statewide — two years ahead of the \u003ca href=\"https://archive.gov.ca.gov/archive/gov39/2018/01/26/governor-brown-takes-action-to-increase-zero-emission-vehicles-fund-new-climate-investments/index.html\">target\u003c/a> set in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995800\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995800\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/092523_EV-Fast-Charging-Event_LE_CM_10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Energy Commissioner Patty Monahan speaks during the launch of an EVgo fast charging station in Union City on Sept. 25, 2023. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast chargers, like the new ones at the grocery store, are increasingly seen as critical to meeting the needs of drivers. They can \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/urban-e-mobility-toolkit/e-mobility-basics/charging-speeds\">power a car to 80%\u003c/a> in 20 minutes to an hour, while the typical charger in use today, a slower Level 2, takes from four to 10 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But installing and operating fast chargers is an expensive business — one that doesn’t easily turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85654.pdf#page=46\">Nationwide, each fast charger (PDF)\u003c/a> can cost up to $117,000, according to a 2023 study. And in California, it could be even more — between $122,000 and $440,000 each, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213624X23000238\">a separate study\u003c/a>, although the Energy Commission said the range was $110,000 to $125,000 for \u003ca href=\"https://calevip.org/\">one of its programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of America’s publicly traded charger companies have been forced to seek more financing, lay off workers and slow their network build-outs, analysts said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/EVGO:NASDAQ?window=MAX\">EVgo\u003c/a>, for instance, has seen its share price crater, as has \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/finance/quote/CHPT:NYSE?window=MAX\">ChargePoint\u003c/a>, which specializes in selling the slower Level 2 hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California stands apart from other states — it has by far the most chargers and electric car sales and more incentives and policies encouraging them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla, America’s top-selling electric car manufacturer, dominates fast-charging in both California and the U.S. — but the company didn’t get into the business to sell charges to drivers; it got into the charger business to sell its electric cars. Initially Tesla Superchargers were exclusive to its drivers, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging-other-evs#charge-if-not-tesla-vehicle\">starting this year\u003c/a> other EV drivers can use them after Tesla \u003ca href=\"https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2023/05/25/ford-ev-customers-to-gain-access-to-12-000-tesla-superchargers--.html\">provided ports to Ford\u003c/a> and other automakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s manufacturing prowess, supply chain dominance and decade-plus of experience with fast chargers have given it an edge over competitors — a coterie of unprofitable, publicly traded startups, as well as private companies that often benefit from public subsidies, according to analysts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the automakers joined forces with their biggest competitor,” said Loren McDonald, chief executive of the consulting firm EVAdoption. “If that doesn’t tell you how bad fast-charging networks and infrastructure were, I don’t know what else does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995801\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995801\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-City-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_16-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tesla vehicles charge at a Supercharger lot in Kettleman City on June 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995832\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"834\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-2048x683.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-1-KQED-1-1920x641.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: An EVgo fast charger at El Mercado Plaza Shopping Center in Union City. Right: A Hyundai Ioniq 6 charges at an Electrify America station in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Loren Elliott and Camille Cohen for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, Tesla is showing \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/inside-story-elon-musks-mass-firings-tesla-supercharger-staff-2024-05-15/\">uncertainty about the future of its charging business\u003c/a> amid slumping car sales and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/inside-story-elon-musks-mass-firings-tesla-supercharger-staff-2024-05-15/\">eliminating nearly its entire\u003c/a> 500-member Supercharger team in April. Then chief executive Elon Musk said in May that he would \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1788834859110002716?lang=en\">spend $500 million\u003c/a> to expand the network and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-13/tesla-rehires-some-supercharger-workers-weeks-after-musk-s-culling?accessToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJTdWJzY3JpYmVyR2lmdGVkQXJ0aWNsZSIsImlhdCI6MTcxNTYyMjU0MiwiZXhwIjoxNzE2MjI3MzQyLCJhcnRpY2xlSWQiOiJTREVRQjJUMEFGQjQwMCIsImJjb25uZWN0SWQiOiIzNDVFQTA0MjNBMUQ0NTI2QjY1QkNBNUZDRUJGQThGNiJ9.2RNvF37kKk0-xvIIdZ-YnoQY2ND7fdX3l67QJ5XqjBk\">hired back\u003c/a> some fired workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Electrify America, a privately held company, was created by Volkswagen as a settlement for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-receive-153m-final-settlement-volkswagen\">cheating on emissions tests\u003c/a> for its gas-powered cars. The company is spending $800 million on California chargers, building a robust network of 260 stations, with more than half in lower-income communities, including \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/05/electric-car-chargers-california-imperial-county/\">the state’s worst charging desert\u003c/a>, Imperial County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is Electrify America was ranked dead last in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2023-us-electric-vehicle-experience-evx-public-charging-study\">consumer survey\u003c/a> last year, and reliability problems and customer complaints have plagued its chargers. The California Air Resources Board in January \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/books/2024/012524/prores24-2.pdf#page=5\">directed Electrify America (PDF)\u003c/a> to “strive to achieve charger reliability consistent with the state of the industry.” A company spokesperson said the dissatisfaction showed “an industry in its growth trajectory.” There are signs of improvement, based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/resources/are-recent-improvements-public-ev-charging-infrastructure-enough-reverse\">consumer data from the first three months\u003c/a> of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Startups continue to jump into the charging business, with the number of companies offering fast chargers growing from 14 in 2020 to 41 in 2024, EVAdoption said. Seven carmakers formed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/26/business/energy-environment/electric-vehicles-fast-chargers-automakers.html\">$1 billion venture\u003c/a> to build a 30,000-charger network in North America. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/articles/big-winner-in-bidens-ev-charging-revolution-gas-stations/\">gas stations\u003c/a> such as Circle K offer more charging because electric car customers spend more time shopping while waiting for their rides to juice up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the realization that charging is a costly business has set in on Wall Street, and that doesn’t seem likely to change anytime soon. “Can public EV fast-charging stations be profitable in the United States?” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinsey.com/features/mckinsey-center-for-future-mobility/our-insights/can-public-ev-fast-charging-stations-be-profitable-in-the-united-states\">consultancy McKinsey & Company asked\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fervor, the excitement from the investor base, has definitely dwindled quite a bit, given the prospects that EV adoption in the U.S. is going to be slower, revenue growth is really slower, the path to profitability is going to be slower, and they might need more capital than everyone originally expected,” said Christopher Dendrinos, a financial analyst who covers electric car charging companies for the investment bank RBC Capital Markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for California when it comes to encouraging investments in expensive fast chargers: If 63,000 additional ones were built, California might need 402,000 fewer slower Level 2 chargers in 2030, according to an alternative \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/24795161/assembly-bill-2127-second-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure-second-assessment-revised-staff-report.pdf#page=18\">forecast (PDF)\u003c/a> by the Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Billions of public dollars: Will it be enough?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, $53 billion to $127 billion in private investments and public funding is needed by 2030 to build chargers for about 33 million electric cars, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy23osti/85654.pdf#page=7\">according to a federal estimate (PDF)\u003c/a>. Of that, about half would be for public chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress and the Biden administration have set aside $5 billion for a national network of fast chargers. So far, only 33 of the eight locations have been built, but more than 14,000 others are in the works, according to the Federal Highway Administration. California’s share of the federal money totals $384 million; about 500 fast chargers will be built with an initial $40.5 million, Energy Commission spokesperson Lindsay Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state has spent $584 million to build more than \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Clean-Transportation-Program-Plan.pdf#page=27\">33,000 electric car chargers (PDF)\u003c/a> through its Clean Transportation Program, funded by fees drivers pay when they register cars. The Legislature \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/09/hydrogen-cars-california-funding-legislature/\">extended that program\u003c/a> for an additional decade last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has committed to spending $1 billion through 2028 on chargers with his “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Fact-Sheet-California-Climate-Commitment.pdf\">California Climate Commitment (PDF)\u003c/a>,” Buckley said. But this year, Newsom and the Legislature trimmed $167 million from the charger budget as the state faces a record deficit. A lobbyist for the Electric Vehicle Charging Association said, “The state pullback sends a very challenging message” to the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s commitment to charger funding is “solid,” despite the cuts, Buckley said. They have not yet estimated the total investment needed in California to meet the targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Ted Lamm, a UC Berkeley Law researcher who studies electric car infrastructure, said the magnitude of building what California needs in coming years likely dwarfs the public funding available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal programs will “only fund a fraction,” and the state needs to spend that money on lower-income communities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another possible funding source is California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/low-carbon-fuel-standard\">Low Carbon Fuel Standard, which is expected to be revised in November\u003c/a>. The program requires carbon-intensive fuel companies to pay for cleaner-burning transportation. Utilities get credits and use that money to pay for chargers, rebates to car buyers and grid improvements, said Laura Renger, executive director of the California Electric Transportation Coalition, which represents utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think with that, we would have enough money,” Renger said. She said the program’s overhaul could help utilities invest “billions” in chargers and other electric car programs over the next two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Backlogged local permits and grid delays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest barriers to more chargers isn’t money. It’s that cities and counties are slow to approve plans for the vast number of stations needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials only have so much political power to compel local jurisdictions to do what they want — a reality made \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2024/01/california-zoning/\">abundantly clear\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/housing-crisis/\">housing crisis\u003c/a>, for instance. California relies on grants and persuasion to accomplish its goals, and the slow build-out of chargers shows how those strategies can fall short, said Stanford’s Cain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The locals cannot be compelled by regulatory agencies to make land and resources available for what the state wants to achieve,” Cain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same obstacles have marked the state’s broader effort to electrify California and switch to clean energy. Local opposition and environmental reviews sometimes hold up \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/renewable-energy-california-counties/\">large solar projects\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/07/ceqa-california-energy-grid-state-parks/\">transmission projects\u003c/a> for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has created a “culture of regulation that emphasizes the need to be extra careful and extra perfect, but this takes an incredible amount of time,” Steve Bohlen, senior director of government affairs at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, said last month at the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/hearings/258152?t=2513&f=37ff81eefb4f72eb25bbcb88ea60fd30\">inaugural hearing of the state Assembly’s Select Committee on Permitting Reform\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving into a period of rapid change, and so perfect can’t be the enemy of the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995836\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"834\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-2048x683.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/EV-DIPTYCH-2-KQED-1-1920x641.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Workers install a transformer to power electric car chargers in Calexico. Right: A row of new public chargers there. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chargers aren’t as complicated as large-scale solar or \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2023/10/california-offshore-wind-humboldt/\">offshore wind projects\u003c/a>. However, most chargers installed in public spaces need a land-use or encroachment permit, among other approvals.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>California has \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/industries/zero-emission-vehicles/plug-in-readiness/permitting-electric-vehicle-charging-stations-best-practices/\">passed laws\u003c/a> requiring local jurisdictions to streamline permits for chargers. What’s more, the Governor’s Office of Business Development now grades cities and counties using a \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Permitting-Electric-Vehicle-Charging-Stations-Scorecard.pdf\">scorecard (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://business.ca.gov/industries/zero-emission-vehicles/plug-in-readiness/\">maintains a map\u003c/a> displaying who has or hasn’t made life easier for car charger builders. But these strategies only go so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t matter how many requirements you put on [local governments],” Lamm said. “If they just don’t have the time in the day to do it … it’s going to sit in the backlog because that’s how it works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays have consequences. Getting a station permitted in California, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://media.electrifyamerica.com/assets/documents/original/1160-2023CARBAnnualReportFinal43024Public2.pdf#page=19\">takes 26% longer (PDF)\u003c/a> than the national average, Electrify America reported. Designing and constructing a station in California can cost, on average, \u003ca href=\"https://media.electrifyamerica.com/assets/documents/original/1160-2023CARBAnnualReportFinal43024Public2.pdf#page=19\">37% more (PDF)\u003c/a> than in other states because of delays in permitting and grid connections. A utility, on average, takes 17 weeks after work is completed to connect chargers to the grid, Electric America said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powering large charging projects often requires grid upgrades, which can take a year or more for approval, said Chanel Parson, a director at Southern California Edison. Supply chain issues also make getting the right equipment a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison, which has a 10-year plan to meet expected demand, has asked the utilities commission for approval to upgrade the grid where it anticipates high charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every EV charging infrastructure project is a major construction project,” Parson said. “There are a number of variables that influence how long it takes to complete the project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Impatient with broken chargers, bad service\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Inspired to help the nation reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, Zach Schiff-Abrams of Los Angeles bought a Genesis GV60. As a renter, he has relied on public charging, primarily using Electrify America stations — and that’s been his biggest problem about owning an electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging speeds have been inconsistent, he said, with half-hour sessions providing only a 15% to 30% charge, and he often encounters broken chargers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe in electrical, so I’m really actually trying to be a responsible consumer,” Schiff-Abrams said. “I want to report them when they’re down, but the customer service is horrible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11995802\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11995802\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/062324_Kettleman-Charging-Stations_LV_CM_21-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric vehicles line up at a busy Electrify America charging station in Kettleman City, Kings County. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For years, the reliability of charging networks has been a well-documented problem. Only \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4077554\">73% of fast chargers in the San Francisco Bay Area were functional\u003c/a> in a 2022 study. The growth of the EV market has put increasing strain on public charging stations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jdpower.com/business/press-releases/2022-us-electric-vehicle-experience-evx-public-charging-study\">a consumer survey found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/mt/2024/mt012524.pdf#page=31\">January (PDF)\u003c/a>, the California Air Resources Board approved a final $200 million spending plan for Electrify America — but not before board chair Liane Randolph scolded its CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randolph — arguably one of America’s top climate regulators — told CEO Robert Barrosa about an exchange she had with his company’s customer service line after finding a broken charger at a station along Interstate 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It didn’t work,” Randolph said during the board meeting. “Called the customer service line, waited like 10-ish minutes. … [The charger] was showing operable on the app and the guy goes, ‘Oh, my data is showing me that it has not had a successful charge in three days.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These issues are not easy,” Barrosa responded. “Our head is not in the sand,” he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/board/mt/2024/mt012524.pdf#page=45\">told board members (PDF)\u003c/a> earlier. “We are listening to customers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randolph, addressing journalists at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sej.org/initiatives/coverage-sejs-33rd-annual-conference#mini-workshop8-04062024\">conference in Philadelphia\u003c/a>, pushed back against the idea that because the transition to electric vehicles is happening gradually that, it’s a failure. Many people will rely on charging at home or work, and batteries are becoming more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The infrastructure is continuing to be rolled out at a rapid pace,” Randolph said. “It doesn’t all have to be perfect instantly. It’s a process. And it’s a process that’s continuing to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Data journalists Erica Yee and Arfa Momin contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/news/11995784/california-needs-a-million-ev-charging-stations-but-thats-unlikely-and-unrealistic","authors":["byline_news_11995784"],"categories":["news_31795","news_8","news_356","news_248","news_1397"],"tags":["news_22457","news_34146","news_20517"],"affiliates":["news_18481"],"featImg":"news_11995817","label":"news_18481","isLoading":false,"hasAllInfo":true}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? 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Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/all-things-considered"},"american-suburb-podcast":{"id":"american-suburb-podcast","title":"American Suburb: The Podcast","tagline":"The flip side of gentrification, told through one town","info":"Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":17},"link":"/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/","subscribe":{"npr":"https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW","apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"}},"baycurious":{"id":"baycurious","title":"Bay Curious","tagline":"Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time","info":"KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","imageAlt":"\"KQED Bay Curious","officialWebsiteLink":"/news/series/baycurious","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kqed","order":2},"link":"/podcasts/baycurious","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvbmV3cy9jYXRlZ29yeS9iYXktY3VyaW91cy1wb2RjYXN0L2ZlZWQvcG9kY2FzdA","stitcher":"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"}},"bbc-world-service":{"id":"bbc-world-service","title":"BBC World Service","info":"The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.","airtime":"MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service","meta":{"site":"news","source":"BBC World Service"},"link":"/radio/program/bbc-world-service","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/","rss":"https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"}},"code-switch-life-kit":{"id":"code-switch-life-kit","title":"Code Switch / Life Kit","info":"\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. 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On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. 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For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us","airtime":"SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am","imageSrc":"https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm","meta":{"site":"news","source":"wnyc"},"link":"/radio/program/on-the-media","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/","rss":"http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"}},"our-body-politic":{"id":"our-body-politic","title":"Our Body Politic","info":"Presented by KQED, KCRW and KPCC, and created and hosted by award-winning journalist Farai Chideya, Our Body Politic is unapologetically centered on reporting on not just how women of color experience the major political events of today, but how they’re impacting those very issues.","airtime":"SAT 6pm-7pm, SUN 1am-2am","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Our-Body-Politic-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://our-body-politic.simplecast.com/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"kcrw"},"link":"/radio/program/our-body-politic","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/our-body-politic/id1533069868","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9feGFQaHMxcw","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/4ApAiLT1kV153TttWAmqmc","rss":"https://feeds.simplecast.com/_xaPhs1s","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/Our-Body-Politic-p1369211/"}},"pbs-newshour":{"id":"pbs-newshour","title":"PBS NewsHour","info":"Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.","airtime":"MON-FRI 3pm-4pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/","meta":{"site":"news","source":"pbs"},"link":"/radio/program/pbs-newshour","subscribe":{"apple":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2","tuneIn":"https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/","rss":"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"}},"perspectives":{"id":"perspectives","title":"Perspectives","tagline":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991","info":"KQED's series of of daily listener commentaries since 1991.","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Perspectives-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg","officialWebsiteLink":"/perspectives/","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"kqed","order":13},"link":"/perspectives","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135","npr":"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives","rss":"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"}},"planet-money":{"id":"planet-money","title":"Planet Money","info":"The economy explained. 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In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. 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