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"content": "\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/florida\">Florida\u003c/a> prepares for a Category 3 hurricane to make landfall as early as Wednesday night, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> firefighters are en route to assist communities expected to be hit the hardest by the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time Menlo Park’s fire protection district has deployed firefighters for disaster relief beyond Northern California. Some were sent to New York after 9/11, while others helped clean up following Hurricane Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Johnston, the city’s chief fire marshal, said that after Hurricane Milton hits Florida’s west and central coasts in the coming hours, the 80 or so firefighters from Menlo Park will be primarily focused on life-saving efforts and protecting property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People could be trapped in homes or buildings,” he told KQED. “If there is no access via roads to any of these individuals, we want to be able to get out and reach these individuals and rescue them and get them to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menlo Park’s fire protection district is a sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://www.catf3.org/\">California’s Task Force 3\u003c/a> Urban Search and Rescue team, which includes members of more than 10 local fire agencies, along with civilian members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noah Weibel and his dog Cookie climb the steps to their home as their family prepares for Hurricane Milton on Monday, Oct. 7, 2024, in Port Richey, Florida. \u003ccite>(Mike Carlson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They operate under guidelines established through a cooperative agreement with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, according to their website, and are trained to respond to natural and manmade disasters and water rescues in varying weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005034 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/Coffey-Park-Insurance-1020x705.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston said many task forces are deploying to Florida in preparation for Hurricane Milton. Menlo Park’s rescue tools and boats began their journey there on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team flew out Tuesday and Wednesday with their own food, water and shelter to be self-sufficient while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we land in the area, we’re on,” Johnston said. “So it’s a matter of training and making sure that all the equipment is ready and functional so that we can do the best job possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while the current crisis is in Florida, it can be a reminder to Californians to prepare for a disaster here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You always need to be prepared, especially here in California. We are always anticipating an earthquake,” Johnston said. “Be prepared and be able to check in on your neighbors and be able to mitigate any small emergency that may be there because the fire department and others may not be able to get there as quickly. [That] allows us to do the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people and give it to those that need it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lesleymcclurg\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People could be trapped in homes or buildings,” he told KQED. “If there is no access via roads to any of these individuals, we want to be able to get out and reach these individuals and rescue them and get them to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Menlo Park’s fire protection district is a sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://www.catf3.org/\">California’s Task Force 3\u003c/a> Urban Search and Rescue team, which includes members of more than 10 local fire agencies, along with civilian members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12008757\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/HurricaneMiltonAP-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Noah Weibel and his dog Cookie climb the steps to their home as their family prepares for Hurricane Milton on Monday, Oct. 7, 2024, in Port Richey, Florida. \u003ccite>(Mike Carlson/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They operate under guidelines established through a cooperative agreement with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, according to their website, and are trained to respond to natural and manmade disasters and water rescues in varying weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston said many task forces are deploying to Florida in preparation for Hurricane Milton. Menlo Park’s rescue tools and boats began their journey there on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team flew out Tuesday and Wednesday with their own food, water and shelter to be self-sufficient while there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we land in the area, we’re on,” Johnston said. “So it’s a matter of training and making sure that all the equipment is ready and functional so that we can do the best job possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while the current crisis is in Florida, it can be a reminder to Californians to prepare for a disaster here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You always need to be prepared, especially here in California. We are always anticipating an earthquake,” Johnston said. “Be prepared and be able to check in on your neighbors and be able to mitigate any small emergency that may be there because the fire department and others may not be able to get there as quickly. [That] allows us to do the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people and give it to those that need it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lesleymcclurg\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"https://www.doctorqmd.com/\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa\u003c/a> operates, his patients are not asleep. They’re alert, and their eyes are wide open, which reduces the risk of damaging a critical area of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every patient always told me, ‘There is no possible way that I can have my surgery awake,’” Quiñones said. “And I say, ‘You’ll find the strength. We all have a strength within us to overcome the most adverse situations.’”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, department chair of neurologic surgery, Mayo Clinic\"]‘I say [to my patients], ‘You’ll find the strength. We all have a strength within us to overcome the most adverse situations.”[/pullquote]His own story is a testament to that advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Quiñones is fondly nicknamed “Dr. Q” by his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Florida, where he is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/quinones-hinojosa-alfredo-m-d/bio-20238939\">chair of the Department of Neurologic Surgery\u003c/a> for the East Coast branch of the clinic. But as a teenage farmworker, his friends called him Freddy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up in a tiny house with dirt floors in a small village on the outskirts of Mexicali, directly across from Calexico, California. His parents were farmworkers and were teenagers when he was born in 1968, the first of six children. The family did not have enough to eat, but Quiñones said their home was still filled with love, laughter and the rhythm of mariachi music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But there were some difficult times,” Quiñones said. “When I was about 3 years old, my little sister died. She developed a GI [gastrointestinal] bug and developed diarrhea. She got dehydrated. We have no access to medical care. We never made it on time for the doctors to be able to care for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His sister Maricela was 6 months old when she died. The loss left an indelible mark on Quiñones, shaping his future path toward health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The California dream\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But at first, Quiñones was just desperate to earn money to help his struggling family. He was inspired to come to the U.S. after hearing stories from his mother’s uncles, who had been part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.labor.ucla.edu/what-we-do/research-tools/the-bracero-program/\">Bracero program\u003c/a>, which allowed farmers in the western United States to recruit and employ workers from Mexico in the 1940s, ’50s, and ’60s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiñones vividly recalled the first time he tried to cross the border near Calexico in 1983. Back then, the wall was a simple chain-link fence topped with rounds of barbed wire, nothing like today’s militarized border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1803px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973067\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a 5-year-old boy in front of an old Pepsi logo. The boy stands with a big smile and his hands on his hips.\" width=\"1803\" height=\"1703\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four.jpg 1803w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-800x756.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-1020x963.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-160x151.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-1536x1451.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1803px) 100vw, 1803px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa at age 4. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A 15-year-old Quiñones successfully jumped the barrier, only to be caught a few minutes later by Border Patrol agents. He was detained overnight, but they released him back to Mexico the next day. He didn’t give up. A few nights later, he successfully crossed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little tiger,” Quiñones said. “I just hopped the fence and got in the back of a tarp-covered pickup truck. I figured out the way. I went to the San Joaquin Valley. I begged one of my uncles, who was working a farm, to give me a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He returned to Mexico that summer with $700 in his pocket. And so began his annual migration between Mexico and California to work in the fields.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa, department chair of neurologic surgery, Mayo Clinic\"]‘I was a little tiger. I just hopped the fence and got in the back of a tarp-covered pickup truck. I figured out the way.’[/pullquote]During the school year, he thrived at the local public school in Mexico. He eventually graduated with a teaching license from a community college at the age of 18. Each summer, he would return to California, where his farming skills grew from pulling weeds to driving tractors and harvesters. But he despised the layer of dirt that coated his body at the end of each day, and he felt invisible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 19, Quiñones made the final jump, leaving Mexico with $63. By the time he made it to Los Angeles, he was left with just three single-dollar bills. He hitchhiked to a farm near Fresno, hoping it would be the last time he picked tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, my cousin was working with me, and I told him I wanted to go to school and learn English,” recalled Quiñones. “And he said to me, ‘You’re never going to do it. This is it. All of us have come to this country to work in the fields. This is your future.’ I felt as if someone put a dagger in my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Quiñones did not give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He landed a job as a welder for a railroad company and signed up for English language classes at night at San Joaquin Delta College. Before long, he was tutoring other students in statistics, and he joined the debate team with an eye toward improving his command of English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2.png\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a surgeon in surgeon's scrubs is seen operating with a team behind him watching his work.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2.png 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-800x489.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-1020x623.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-160x98.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa in the operating room in Florida. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ’80s brought \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1986-immigration-reform-and-control-act/\">new legislation\u003c/a> allowing undocumented workers to apply for legal status, and Quiñones was eventually able to get a green card. He acknowledged that legalizing his status as easily as he did is nearly impossible for undocumented migrants from Mexico today. But for him, getting status opened up a whole new world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiñones earned a partial scholarship to UC Berkeley. He was brainy because he paid his rent by tutoring students in organic chemistry, physics, and calculus. But Quiñones is very understated — when he talks about it today, it sounds like graduating from UC Berkeley with high honors was a breeze.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"April Sabangan, CEO, Mission: BRAIN\"]‘Quiñones is a force of nature whether it’s in the world of neurosurgery or greater society. … I am struck by his ability to connect with people, to truly care about them on a personal level.’[/pullquote]“I had no idea that I was going to go to medical school,” Quiñones said. “But I look back at my past with my grandmother, Nana Maria. She was a Mexican curandera, a town healer and a midwife. And I said, ‘I want to be able to help people the way my grandmother did.’ And someone said, ‘Well, what about medical school?’ And I said, ‘What about it?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He landed a coveted spot at Harvard Medical School. He gave the commencement speech at graduation (class of 1999). He was on a path he had never imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other students, professors and even close friends tried to deter him from focusing on the elite field of neurosurgery. They tried to push him toward primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his cutting-edge research focuses on brain tumors. His team at the Mayo Clinic is dedicated to finding a cure for cancer. He’s also passionate about bringing healthcare to low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why he cofounded \u003ca href=\"https://www.missionbrain.org/\">Mission: BRAIN (Bridging Resources and Advancing International Neurosurgery)\u003c/a>. The nonprofit provides neurosurgical expertise and resources to patients in countries all over the world, including Mexico, the Philippines and Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Quiñones is a force of nature whether it’s in the world of neurosurgery or greater society,” said April Sabangan, CEO of Mission: BRAIN. “As someone who has known him since he was a resident, I am struck by his ability to connect with people, to truly care about them on a personal level. He cares enough to remember the little details that make an individual distinctive, whether it’s the chairman of a department or the hospital orderly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From the fields to the operating room\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Quiñones reflects on his past and the influences that shaped his journey, he credits his success to his simple upbringing and his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They grew up teaching us the value of being honest, of hard work, of giving, of always recognizing that no matter how difficult we may have it, there are other people who have it even more challenging,” he said.[aside postID=news_11967317 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/231101-MusicTherapyHMBFarmworkers-47-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']He does have some regrets, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have been very, very successful as a brain surgeon,” Quiñones said. “But where I have failed the most is as a husband, as a father, as a brother, and as a son. Now, I’m beginning to reflect more on all the sacrifices that my family made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he wouldn’t be where he is today without the support of his uncles back in the fields, the many mentors who believed in him, and his wife — who, he said, primarily raised their three children. Today, he is trying to be a better husband and offer his kids useful advice about what matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Find joy in helping other people,” Quiñones said. “Enjoy those little things that life gives you — friendship, family and time with each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"https://www.doctorqmd.com/\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa\u003c/a> operates, his patients are not asleep. They’re alert, and their eyes are wide open, which reduces the risk of damaging a critical area of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every patient always told me, ‘There is no possible way that I can have my surgery awake,’” Quiñones said. “And I say, ‘You’ll find the strength. We all have a strength within us to overcome the most adverse situations.’”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>His own story is a testament to that advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Quiñones is fondly nicknamed “Dr. Q” by his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic in Florida, where he is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/quinones-hinojosa-alfredo-m-d/bio-20238939\">chair of the Department of Neurologic Surgery\u003c/a> for the East Coast branch of the clinic. But as a teenage farmworker, his friends called him Freddy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up in a tiny house with dirt floors in a small village on the outskirts of Mexicali, directly across from Calexico, California. His parents were farmworkers and were teenagers when he was born in 1968, the first of six children. The family did not have enough to eat, but Quiñones said their home was still filled with love, laughter and the rhythm of mariachi music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But there were some difficult times,” Quiñones said. “When I was about 3 years old, my little sister died. She developed a GI [gastrointestinal] bug and developed diarrhea. She got dehydrated. We have no access to medical care. We never made it on time for the doctors to be able to care for her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His sister Maricela was 6 months old when she died. The loss left an indelible mark on Quiñones, shaping his future path toward health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The California dream\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But at first, Quiñones was just desperate to earn money to help his struggling family. He was inspired to come to the U.S. after hearing stories from his mother’s uncles, who had been part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.labor.ucla.edu/what-we-do/research-tools/the-bracero-program/\">Bracero program\u003c/a>, which allowed farmers in the western United States to recruit and employ workers from Mexico in the 1940s, ’50s, and ’60s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiñones vividly recalled the first time he tried to cross the border near Calexico in 1983. Back then, the wall was a simple chain-link fence topped with rounds of barbed wire, nothing like today’s militarized border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1803px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973067\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four.jpg\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a 5-year-old boy in front of an old Pepsi logo. The boy stands with a big smile and his hands on his hips.\" width=\"1803\" height=\"1703\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four.jpg 1803w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-800x756.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-1020x963.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-160x151.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/me-at-age-four-1536x1451.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1803px) 100vw, 1803px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa at age 4. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A 15-year-old Quiñones successfully jumped the barrier, only to be caught a few minutes later by Border Patrol agents. He was detained overnight, but they released him back to Mexico the next day. He didn’t give up. A few nights later, he successfully crossed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a little tiger,” Quiñones said. “I just hopped the fence and got in the back of a tarp-covered pickup truck. I figured out the way. I went to the San Joaquin Valley. I begged one of my uncles, who was working a farm, to give me a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He returned to Mexico that summer with $700 in his pocket. And so began his annual migration between Mexico and California to work in the fields.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>During the school year, he thrived at the local public school in Mexico. He eventually graduated with a teaching license from a community college at the age of 18. Each summer, he would return to California, where his farming skills grew from pulling weeds to driving tractors and harvesters. But he despised the layer of dirt that coated his body at the end of each day, and he felt invisible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 19, Quiñones made the final jump, leaving Mexico with $63. By the time he made it to Los Angeles, he was left with just three single-dollar bills. He hitchhiked to a farm near Fresno, hoping it would be the last time he picked tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, my cousin was working with me, and I told him I wanted to go to school and learn English,” recalled Quiñones. “And he said to me, ‘You’re never going to do it. This is it. All of us have come to this country to work in the fields. This is your future.’ I felt as if someone put a dagger in my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Quiñones did not give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He landed a job as a welder for a railroad company and signed up for English language classes at night at San Joaquin Delta College. Before long, he was tutoring other students in statistics, and he joined the debate team with an eye toward improving his command of English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973068\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2.png\" alt=\"A black and white photo of a surgeon in surgeon's scrubs is seen operating with a team behind him watching his work.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2.png 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-800x489.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-1020x623.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/Picture2-160x98.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa in the operating room in Florida. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Dr. Alfredo Quiñones-Hinojosa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ’80s brought \u003ca href=\"https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1986-immigration-reform-and-control-act/\">new legislation\u003c/a> allowing undocumented workers to apply for legal status, and Quiñones was eventually able to get a green card. He acknowledged that legalizing his status as easily as he did is nearly impossible for undocumented migrants from Mexico today. But for him, getting status opened up a whole new world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiñones earned a partial scholarship to UC Berkeley. He was brainy because he paid his rent by tutoring students in organic chemistry, physics, and calculus. But Quiñones is very understated — when he talks about it today, it sounds like graduating from UC Berkeley with high honors was a breeze.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I had no idea that I was going to go to medical school,” Quiñones said. “But I look back at my past with my grandmother, Nana Maria. She was a Mexican curandera, a town healer and a midwife. And I said, ‘I want to be able to help people the way my grandmother did.’ And someone said, ‘Well, what about medical school?’ And I said, ‘What about it?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He landed a coveted spot at Harvard Medical School. He gave the commencement speech at graduation (class of 1999). He was on a path he had never imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other students, professors and even close friends tried to deter him from focusing on the elite field of neurosurgery. They tried to push him toward primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his cutting-edge research focuses on brain tumors. His team at the Mayo Clinic is dedicated to finding a cure for cancer. He’s also passionate about bringing healthcare to low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why he cofounded \u003ca href=\"https://www.missionbrain.org/\">Mission: BRAIN (Bridging Resources and Advancing International Neurosurgery)\u003c/a>. The nonprofit provides neurosurgical expertise and resources to patients in countries all over the world, including Mexico, the Philippines and Peru.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Quiñones is a force of nature whether it’s in the world of neurosurgery or greater society,” said April Sabangan, CEO of Mission: BRAIN. “As someone who has known him since he was a resident, I am struck by his ability to connect with people, to truly care about them on a personal level. He cares enough to remember the little details that make an individual distinctive, whether it’s the chairman of a department or the hospital orderly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From the fields to the operating room\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When Quiñones reflects on his past and the influences that shaped his journey, he credits his success to his simple upbringing and his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They grew up teaching us the value of being honest, of hard work, of giving, of always recognizing that no matter how difficult we may have it, there are other people who have it even more challenging,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He does have some regrets, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have been very, very successful as a brain surgeon,” Quiñones said. “But where I have failed the most is as a husband, as a father, as a brother, and as a son. Now, I’m beginning to reflect more on all the sacrifices that my family made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows he wouldn’t be where he is today without the support of his uncles back in the fields, the many mentors who believed in him, and his wife — who, he said, primarily raised their three children. Today, he is trying to be a better husband and offer his kids useful advice about what matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Find joy in helping other people,” Quiñones said. “Enjoy those little things that life gives you — friendship, family and time with each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state of Florida picked up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11901984/for-asylum-seekers-finding-a-lawyer\">asylum seekers\u003c/a> on the Texas border Monday and took them by private jet to California’s capital city at taxpayer expense for the second time in four days, California officials said, prompting allegations that migrants were misled and catching shelters and aid workers by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/ron-desantis\">Ron DeSantis\u003c/a> and other state officials were mum, as they were initially last year when they flew 49 Venezuelan migrants to the upscale Massachusetts enclave of Martha’s Vineyard, luring them onto private jets from a shelter in San Antonio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California Attorney General Rob Bonta investigated the migrants’ transportation, local officials and faith-based groups sought to provide housing, food and other resources to the more than three dozen new arrivals. Many were from Colombia and Venezuela, and California had not been their intended destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, meanwhile, lashed out at DeSantis as a “small, pathetic man” and suggested the state could pursue kidnapping charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the migrants arrived in California, a Texas sheriff’s office announced Monday it has recommended criminal charges over the two flights to Martha’s Vineyard last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnny Garcia, spokesperson for the Bexar County Sheriff’s Office, said that at this time they are not naming suspects. It’s not clear whether the district attorney will pursue the charges, which include misdemeanor and felony counts of unlawful restraint, according to the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952238 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man is looking off to his right shoulder in a room full of large paintings that hang on white walls. He wears a navy suit and tie with his salt and pepper hair slicked back.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement that he met with the newly arrived migrants and officials were working to ensure that they are ‘treated with respect and dignity.’ \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Republican governors of Texas and Arizona have previously sent thousands of migrants on buses to New York, Chicago and Washington, D.C., but the rare charter flights by DeSantis mark an escalation in tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two groups of people sent to Sacramento never went through Florida. Instead, they were approached in El Paso by people with Florida-linked paperwork, sent to New Mexico, then put on private flights to California’s capital, California officials and advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who is seeking the Republican nomination to run for president, has been a fierce critic of federal immigration policy under President Joe Biden and has heavily publicized Florida’s role in past instances in which migrants were transported to Democratic-led states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Stories on Immigration' tag='immigration']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has made the migrant relocation program one of his signature political priorities, using the state legislative process to direct millions of dollars to it and working with multiple contractors to carry out the flights. \u003ca class=\"paragraph-link\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/texas-florida-immigration-massachusetts-san-antonio-e88805be61d7a1a7cf71581d1c20c19f\">Vertol Systems\u003c/a>, which was paid by Florida to fly migrants to Martha’s Vineyard, appears to be behind the flights to Sacramento, California officials said. The company didn’t respond to an email seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, the flight that arrived Monday carried about 20 migrants and followed the arrival Friday of 16 others from Colombia and Venezuela. The newest arrivals remained at the airport for a couple of hours and were fed before being transported to a “religious institution,” said Kim Nava, a Sacramento County spokesperson. Nava said she didn’t know the nationalities of the new arrivals or where they had intended to go in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our county social workers are en route and are going to assess all those folks, make sure they have the services and support that they need,” Nava said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group of migrants was dropped off at the Roman Catholic Church diocese’s headquarters in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking over the weekend about the first group to arrive in Sacramento, Eddie Carmona, campaign director at PICO California, a faith-based group that helps migrants, said U.S. immigration officials had already processed the young women and men and given them court dates for their asylum cases when “individuals representing a private contractor” approached them outside a migrant center in El Paso, Texas, and offered to help them get jobs and get them to their final destinations.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kim Nava, Sacramento County spokesperson\"]‘Our county social workers are en route and are going to assess all those folks, make sure they have the services and support that they need.’[/pullquote]“They were lied to and intentionally deceived,” Carmona said, adding that the migrants had no idea where they were after being dropped off in Sacramento. He said they have court dates in cities throughout the country and that none of them meant to end up in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum seekers can change the location of their court appearances, but many are reluctant to try and instead prefer sticking with a firm date, at least for their initial appearances. They figure it is a guarantee, even if horribly inconvenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of New Mexico Democratic Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham had no specifics as to why the immigrants were taken from Texas to New Mexico before being flown to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gov. Lujan Grisham stresses, yet again, the urgent need for comprehensive, thoughtful federal immigration reform, which is rooted in a humanitarian response that keeps border communities in mind,” the governor’s spokesperson, Caroline Sweeney, said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, DeSantis directed Republican lawmakers in Florida to create a program in his office dedicated to migrant relocations. It specified that the state could transport migrants from locations anywhere in the country. The law was designed to get around questions about the legality of transporting people on a flight that originated in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s alleged role in the arrival of the two groups in Sacramento is sure to escalate the political feud between DeSantis and Newsom, who have offered conflicting visions on immigration, abortion and a host of other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olga Rodriguez reported from San Francisco. Associated Press writers Anthony Izaguirre in Tallahassee, Fla., Paul J. Weber in Austin, Texas, Susan Montoya Bryan in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Elliot Spagat in San Diego contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, meanwhile, lashed out at DeSantis as a “small, pathetic man” and suggested the state could pursue kidnapping charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the migrants arrived in California, a Texas sheriff’s office announced Monday it has recommended criminal charges over the two flights to Martha’s Vineyard last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnny Garcia, spokesperson for the Bexar County Sheriff’s Office, said that at this time they are not naming suspects. It’s not clear whether the district attorney will pursue the charges, which include misdemeanor and felony counts of unlawful restraint, according to the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952238 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged white man is looking off to his right shoulder in a room full of large paintings that hang on white walls. He wears a navy suit and tie with his salt and pepper hair slicked back.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS48059_003_SanFrancisco_NewsomBontaPressConference_03242021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom said in a statement that he met with the newly arrived migrants and officials were working to ensure that they are ‘treated with respect and dignity.’ \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Republican governors of Texas and Arizona have previously sent thousands of migrants on buses to New York, Chicago and Washington, D.C., but the rare charter flights by DeSantis mark an escalation in tactics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two groups of people sent to Sacramento never went through Florida. Instead, they were approached in El Paso by people with Florida-linked paperwork, sent to New Mexico, then put on private flights to California’s capital, California officials and advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who is seeking the Republican nomination to run for president, has been a fierce critic of federal immigration policy under President Joe Biden and has heavily publicized Florida’s role in past instances in which migrants were transported to Democratic-led states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has made the migrant relocation program one of his signature political priorities, using the state legislative process to direct millions of dollars to it and working with multiple contractors to carry out the flights. \u003ca class=\"paragraph-link\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/texas-florida-immigration-massachusetts-san-antonio-e88805be61d7a1a7cf71581d1c20c19f\">Vertol Systems\u003c/a>, which was paid by Florida to fly migrants to Martha’s Vineyard, appears to be behind the flights to Sacramento, California officials said. The company didn’t respond to an email seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento, the flight that arrived Monday carried about 20 migrants and followed the arrival Friday of 16 others from Colombia and Venezuela. The newest arrivals remained at the airport for a couple of hours and were fed before being transported to a “religious institution,” said Kim Nava, a Sacramento County spokesperson. Nava said she didn’t know the nationalities of the new arrivals or where they had intended to go in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our county social workers are en route and are going to assess all those folks, make sure they have the services and support that they need,” Nava said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group of migrants was dropped off at the Roman Catholic Church diocese’s headquarters in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking over the weekend about the first group to arrive in Sacramento, Eddie Carmona, campaign director at PICO California, a faith-based group that helps migrants, said U.S. immigration officials had already processed the young women and men and given them court dates for their asylum cases when “individuals representing a private contractor” approached them outside a migrant center in El Paso, Texas, and offered to help them get jobs and get them to their final destinations.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“They were lied to and intentionally deceived,” Carmona said, adding that the migrants had no idea where they were after being dropped off in Sacramento. He said they have court dates in cities throughout the country and that none of them meant to end up in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum seekers can change the location of their court appearances, but many are reluctant to try and instead prefer sticking with a firm date, at least for their initial appearances. They figure it is a guarantee, even if horribly inconvenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of New Mexico Democratic Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham had no specifics as to why the immigrants were taken from Texas to New Mexico before being flown to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gov. Lujan Grisham stresses, yet again, the urgent need for comprehensive, thoughtful federal immigration reform, which is rooted in a humanitarian response that keeps border communities in mind,” the governor’s spokesperson, Caroline Sweeney, said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, DeSantis directed Republican lawmakers in Florida to create a program in his office dedicated to migrant relocations. It specified that the state could transport migrants from locations anywhere in the country. The law was designed to get around questions about the legality of transporting people on a flight that originated in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s alleged role in the arrival of the two groups in Sacramento is sure to escalate the political feud between DeSantis and Newsom, who have offered conflicting visions on immigration, abortion and a host of other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olga Rodriguez reported from San Francisco. Associated Press writers Anthony Izaguirre in Tallahassee, Fla., Paul J. Weber in Austin, Texas, Susan Montoya Bryan in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and Elliot Spagat in San Diego contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Which State Has the Lowest Virus Transmission Rate in the Country? California",
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"content": "\u003cp>California has the lowest coronavirus transmission rate of any state following a sharp decline in cases and hospitalizations after a summer surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s most populous state is the only one experiencing “substantial” coronavirus transmission, the second-highest level \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_community\">on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s color-coded map\u003c/a>. So is Puerto Rico. In all other U.S. states, virus transmission is labeled as “high,” defined as 100 or more cases per 100,000 people in the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rate is 94 cases per 100,000. By comparison, Texas is 386 and Florida is 296.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health experts say relatively high vaccination rates in California ahead of the arrival of the delta variant made a difference, and additional measures, such as masking, also helped stem the surge. Nearly 70% of eligible Californians are fully vaccinated, and another 8% have received their first shot, state data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The overall secret to California has been the vaccination rates were high enough that we started off in an OK place,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, a professor of epidemiology at UCSF’s medical school. “We just never reached the height we saw in Florida, for example, because it’s against the backdrop of fairly high vaccination rates.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nOn Monday, a state mandate went into effect \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/mega-events/\">requiring attendees at indoor events with 1,000 or more people\u003c/a> to show proof of full vaccination or a negative test. Patrons previously were allowed to just attest they were vaccinated or had a negative test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Regina Chinsio-Kwong, Los Angeles County deputy health officer\"]‘In terms of case rates and hospitalizations, everything is downward trending. We are starting to get out of this surge, which is good.’[/pullquote]California has seen coronavirus cases and hospitalizations \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/\">decline following a summer increase\u003c/a> in cases with the arrival of the delta variant. In the past two weeks, daily new cases are down by more than 4,000, a decrease of 32%, while hospitalizations have dropped by 22% to just over 6,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summer surge occurred after California lifted many limits on businesses in June. It followed a much more severe winter surge when officials shuttered shops and schools in the state of nearly 40 million. During that time, sick patients packed many hospitals, and thousands died every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s death toll is now more than 68,000, the highest in the nation, but the per-capita rate is lower than more than the half the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The severity of last winter may have helped temper this most recent surge in California, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=5373\">Andrew Noymer\u003c/a>, a public health professor at UC Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a combination of immunity from vaccination and from the huge winter wave that we had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']Los Angeles County, which is home to one in four of the state’s residents and has some of the state’s strictest virus mandates, reported a 1.2% positivity rate on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Barbara Ferrer, Los Angeles County’s director of public health, said safety measures that encourage masks and limit places where large numbers of unvaccinated people gather are needed to head off “a continual cycle of surges fueled by new variants of concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Orange County, which has looser restrictions than L.A., coronavirus cases, positivity rates and hospitalizations also have declined in recent weeks, said Dr. Regina Chinsio-Kwong, the county’s deputy health officer. She said she believes vaccinations made a difference, noting the recent surge was initially detected in the county’s coastal areas and other places with lower vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of case rates and hospitalizations, everything is downward trending,” she said, adding the county’s positivity rate has fallen to 3.7% from 6.8% in late August. “We are starting to get out of this surge, which is good.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California has the lowest coronavirus transmission rate of any state following a sharp decline in cases and hospitalizations after a summer surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s most populous state is the only one experiencing “substantial” coronavirus transmission, the second-highest level \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_community\">on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s color-coded map\u003c/a>. So is Puerto Rico. In all other U.S. states, virus transmission is labeled as “high,” defined as 100 or more cases per 100,000 people in the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s rate is 94 cases per 100,000. By comparison, Texas is 386 and Florida is 296.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health experts say relatively high vaccination rates in California ahead of the arrival of the delta variant made a difference, and additional measures, such as masking, also helped stem the surge. Nearly 70% of eligible Californians are fully vaccinated, and another 8% have received their first shot, state data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The overall secret to California has been the vaccination rates were high enough that we started off in an OK place,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/kirsten.bibbins-domingo\">Dr. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo\u003c/a>, a professor of epidemiology at UCSF’s medical school. “We just never reached the height we saw in Florida, for example, because it’s against the backdrop of fairly high vaccination rates.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nOn Monday, a state mandate went into effect \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/mega-events/\">requiring attendees at indoor events with 1,000 or more people\u003c/a> to show proof of full vaccination or a negative test. Patrons previously were allowed to just attest they were vaccinated or had a negative test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘In terms of case rates and hospitalizations, everything is downward trending. We are starting to get out of this surge, which is good.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>California has seen coronavirus cases and hospitalizations \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/state-dashboard/\">decline following a summer increase\u003c/a> in cases with the arrival of the delta variant. In the past two weeks, daily new cases are down by more than 4,000, a decrease of 32%, while hospitalizations have dropped by 22% to just over 6,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summer surge occurred after California lifted many limits on businesses in June. It followed a much more severe winter surge when officials shuttered shops and schools in the state of nearly 40 million. During that time, sick patients packed many hospitals, and thousands died every week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s death toll is now more than 68,000, the highest in the nation, but the per-capita rate is lower than more than the half the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The severity of last winter may have helped temper this most recent surge in California, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=5373\">Andrew Noymer\u003c/a>, a public health professor at UC Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a combination of immunity from vaccination and from the huge winter wave that we had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Los Angeles County, which is home to one in four of the state’s residents and has some of the state’s strictest virus mandates, reported a 1.2% positivity rate on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Barbara Ferrer, Los Angeles County’s director of public health, said safety measures that encourage masks and limit places where large numbers of unvaccinated people gather are needed to head off “a continual cycle of surges fueled by new variants of concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Orange County, which has looser restrictions than L.A., coronavirus cases, positivity rates and hospitalizations also have declined in recent weeks, said Dr. Regina Chinsio-Kwong, the county’s deputy health officer. She said she believes vaccinations made a difference, noting the recent surge was initially detected in the county’s coastal areas and other places with lower vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of case rates and hospitalizations, everything is downward trending,” she said, adding the county’s positivity rate has fallen to 3.7% from 6.8% in late August. “We are starting to get out of this surge, which is good.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-and-florida-took-dramatically-divergent-pandemic-paths-who-did-better",
"title": "California and Florida Took Dramatically Divergent Pandemic Paths. Who Did Better?",
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"headTitle": "California and Florida Took Dramatically Divergent Pandemic Paths. Who Did Better? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>From the outset of the coronavirus pandemic, the governors of California and Florida have taken almost polar opposite approaches to managing an unprecedented health crisis: California Gov. Gavin Newsom shut down his state early, prioritizing public health; Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis largely kept his state open for business, prioritizing the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California just fully reopened on Tuesday, while Florida has been open all year, save for a short lockdown last spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split mirrors the political divisions that have bedeviled the United States during the pandemic — with both sides claiming victory at various times. But now, more than a year of data is offering some clear takeaways on which state’s approach has produced better outcomes on a number of fronts.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jon Jacobo, SF Latino Task Force health committee chair\"]‘We recruited volunteers. We knocked on 1,400 doors over four days and registered people at the door, handed out fliers. We phone-banked — treated it like a traditional political campaign.’[/pullquote]In short, thousands more people per capita in Florida have been infected with, and died from, COVID-19 than in California. And while unemployment remains about twice as high in California, some economists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2021-06-02/la-fi-california-economy-recovery-ucla-forecast-june-2021\">predicting a faster overall recovery\u003c/a> in states like California that locked down early and kept those restrictions in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, given the two states’ widely contrasting approaches to the pandemic, some experts say they would have expected even more disparate health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most public health officials would say that Florida humbles us and makes us realize there are parts of this that we understand and there are parts of this that we don’t exactly understand,” said Dr. Bob Wachter, a leading epidemiologist and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to criticize California,” Wachter added. “The overall numbers of cases and deaths are so high. But that’s irrelevant, really. You have to look at the per capita rates because California is so much bigger than any other state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Wachter’s math, if Florida’s COVID-19 death rate had been closer to California’s, there would have been nearly 2,400 fewer people dead there. As of this week, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_casesper100klast7days\">transmission rates in Florida remain five times higher than in California\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In all, 57% of all Californians have received at least one dose of the vaccine, compared to about 48% of all Floridians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And beyond health and economic impacts, there have been other trade-offs each state made, with outcomes that may take years to fully evaluate: For one, most Florida kids have been back in school since the fall; most California students did not return until this spring, and even then, not always full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wachter, assessing the success or failure of each state is complicated — and to some extent subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, I think some of that will come down to how you value human life,” he said. “I don’t want to sugarcoat it. The number of deaths in Florida per capita is significantly higher than they are in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For community leaders on the ground in both states, the decisions made by DeSantis and Newsom had far-reaching implications — especially for communities of color, who were generally hardest hit by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-a-national-health-crisis-fell-on-the-backs-of-local-leaders/\">after we first compared these two states\u003c/a>, in a collaboration between KQED in San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\">WLRN\u003c/a> in Miami and \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/\">Reveal\u003c/a>, we visited communities in each state: the Mission District in San Francisco and the city of Miami Gardens in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Mission District\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last spring, as the coronavirus was spreading across the nation, and the world, community leaders in San Francisco’s heavily Latino Mission District realized things were poised to get bad — quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although heavily gentrified in pockets, the Mission is still a largely working-class neighborhood. It’s home to many low-income families who often live in homes shared by multiple generations, allowing little room to quarantine if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Jacobo, who grew up here and is active in local politics, said he and others watched with concern in March 2020 as San Francisco officials, and then state leaders, announced some of the nation’s first stay-at home orders — even as spring break continued to draw tourists to Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers from the San Francisco Latino Task Force help register people at a COVID-19 testing site on 24th and Mission streets in San Francisco on Nov. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The immediate thoughts, I think, for everybody were, ‘What is going to happen to the folks that are going to lose their jobs? … What’s going to happen to the individuals that have to go to work?’ ” he said. “Because there’s a lot of people that don’t have that luxury or that privilege.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobo and other volunteers — many of them Latino community members themselves — banded together to create what they called the Latino Task Force. Fearful of a coming wave of infections, they started asking the city for resources, including testing, tracing, rental assistance and food donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time, tests were in short supply and the virus was spreading rapidly — more so in this neighborhood, it seemed to them, than in other nearby communities. So in April 2020, the Latino Task Force and other community leaders partnered with UCSF to set up a testing site in the neighborhood and put some numbers behind their hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recruited volunteers. We knocked on 1,400 doors over four days and registered people at the door, handed out fliers. We phone-banked — treated it like a traditional political campaign,” Jacobo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, over 4,000 people came to get tested. About 40% were Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that were positive — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/05/417356/initial-results-mission-district-covid-19-testing-announced\">it was 95% Latino, it was 100% people of color,\u003c/a>” Jacobo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]In response, the city expanded testing opportunities and other help for people of color and essential workers throughout the city — in partnership with existing groups like the Latino Task Force, who already had deep ties to city neighborhoods. It’s a lesson San Francisco learned decades ago during the AIDS crisis: The best way to get to hard-to-reach populations, people who might distrust the government, is to use the networks they already trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Latino Task Force did this in the Mission by not only focusing on testing: They set up a resource hub at a large building at 701 Alabama St. Funded by the city, the street outside morphs every Thursday into a pop-up COVID-19 testing site, and now, a place where people can make vaccine appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also offering all the other things low-income residents have needed during the pandemic. For more than a year, the site has handed out groceries — serving as many as 9,000 families each week. There is also a community wellness team on-site that partners with families when someone tests positive to make sure they have the resources to survive quarantine. Mental health services and job training — all offered in multiple languages — are available as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed called the collaboration — one of many across the city — a game changer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of working with the Latino Task Force had everything to do with making people feel comfortable about getting tested, no questions asked,” she said recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this government and community support didn’t erase the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 cases on Latinos in San Francisco during its summer and winter surges. But Jacobo said it did offer a safety net for vulnerable residents — and it left the city and community with a playbook when the vaccines started to roll out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a community health team providing info on what the vaccine is or what the vaccine isn’t. And we’ll literally sign you up for your appointment here,” Jacobo said. “So you don’t have to do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LondonBreed/status/1403425020303396865\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It worked: By early June, San Francisco reported that \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/stories/s/COVID-19-Vaccinations-Maps/uue2-6gdn/\">more than 70% of residents in the neighborhood\u003c/a> had received at least one dose. Citywide, more than two-thirds of Latinos are vaccinated. And as California lifts nearly all COVID-19 restrictions — San Francisco officials this week announced more 80% of residents have received at least one dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed credits San Franciscans for trusting the science, the data and one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I must say, I am really proud of how San Franciscans, for the most part, handled this crisis, because if people didn’t comply and didn’t trust the information, we wouldn’t be here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same cannot be said across the country in Miami Gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Miami Gardens\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Located in Miami-Dade County, Miami Gardens is the largest Black-majority city in Florida — African Americans make up roughly 71% of the population. And like the Latino community in San Francisco’s Mission District, it is not a monolithic group — there are Bahamians, Jamaicans, Afro-Cubans, residents from West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana; some are Florida natives, some are immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Miami-Dade County is doing pretty well when it comes to vaccines: About 58% of the total population has received at least one dose, according to county data from June 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878385\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On a Friday in May, only four or five people came to receive COVID-19 vaccinations at the Brentwood Pool vaccination site in Miami Gardens, Florida. \u003ccite>(Caitie Switalski Muñoz/WLRN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, that number plummets among the county’s Black residents, only about 20% of whom have received at least one shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice mayor of Miami Gardens, Reggie Leon, said he feels that disparity is probably due to a combination of inaccessibility and mistrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that people of color had some trust issues, especially with vaccines. So [my office] started reaching out,” said Leon, who is Black. “We started reaching out to different groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the major vaccination sites was a state-run location at the Hard Rock Stadium in the city — home to the Miami Dolphins and where the 2020 Super Bowl was held shortly before the coronavirus hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the state previously offering testing at the site, Leon said the location just didn’t work for many residents of his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stadium wasn’t enough because you had people coming from everywhere to get into the stadium and the stadium didn’t have the flexibility for walk-ups and they didn’t have the flexibility for those people that didn’t have transportation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t just about access, said Dr. Dwight Reynolds, an emergency physician working with the city of Miami Gardens. Many Black men like him were uncomfortable with the stadium site, he said, noting that it was set up by the state with help from the National Guard, and had a lot of security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine for a moment that you are a male of color. You go into a place where you see white officers — let’s tell it like it is — with guns,” Reynolds said. “OK, would you feel comfortable pulling up to that site although it’s free? Probably not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NPR/status/1394293659441500160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to try to increase vaccination rates among residents, the city partnered with a Black-owned company to open its own pop-up vaccination site at Brentwood Community Pool, about 2 miles away from the Hard Rock Stadium. At its pop-up site, the city offers doses of the Moderna vaccine, with Black nurses and doctors, including Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said he regularly hears from Black Floridians that they feel more comfortable with him holding the needle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To have people that look like you, talk like you, that’s kind of important,” he said. “We look like them. We talk like them. And guess what? We are them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faith Heywood, a Black nurse herself, got her first shot there in mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been looking online and it’s, you know, very complicated,” she said. “I’m ready today. I don’t want to think about Monday or Tuesday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]Despite the location and ease, though, it’s been hard to attract people: On one Friday in May only about four or five people came for a shot all day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said he’s often been in the difficult position of deciding whether or not to open a vial — and risk having doses go bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s say at 3 o’clock, 4 o’clock — if you … can’t move those ones that you have left, then you end up having problems,” he said, adding he’s taken to driving extra doses as far as Coral Springs — some 30 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been slower going here than in San Francisco, where a deeper level of trust had already been established in some lower-income communities by the time the vaccines arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local leaders in both Miami Gardens and San Francisco’s Mission District have centered their efforts around building trust on the ground, but say they have been both helped and stymied by the decisions made at their own state capitols.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Would Not Declare Victory Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. DeSantis followed the lead of his ally, former President Donald Trump: He refused to institute many restrictions recommended by health experts, like a statewide mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by spring 2021, DeSantis also made it harder for local governments to enforce their own COVID-19 safety rules. In March, for example, he overturned fines cities and counties administered to individuals and businesses for breaking health restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epidemiologists in both states agree that while the two governors’ decisions did influence health outcomes, so did the individual decisions of the millions of residents in each state — who sometimes acted in spite of their leaders’ examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Prins, a University of Florida epidemiologist, said that’s probably one reason why things aren’t as bad in Florida as some experts predicted they would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people continued to wear masks, not go to restaurants, physically distance in some cases, in spite of the fact that things were opened up,” Prins said.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Dwight Reynolds, emergency physician in Miami Gardens, Florida\"]‘To have people that look like you, talk like you, that’s kind of important. We look like them. We talk like them. And guess what? We are them.’[/pullquote]“It’s very hard to judge success because we don’t have the comparison group of what would have happened if everything was open the whole time,” she continued. “What’s the comparison if everything’s closed?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, from UCSF, stressed that this pandemic isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think the Florida story is fully written yet,” he said. “There’s a lot of the variants down there. The variants are nastier. So I would not declare victory now in Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the actions of individual Californians — especially at family gatherings over the holiday season — prompted a major winter surge. Yet Wachter said those outbreaks were notably worse in the southern half of the state, showing that Newsom’s restrictions only went so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state had the same rules and standards. But people in L.A. and people in some of the other southern counties were acting differently than the people in the Bay Area were tending to. And you saw a divergence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-a-national-health-crisis-fell-on-the-backs-of-local-leaders/\">major finding\u003c/a> of our collaboration last spring, early in the pandemic: the huge significance of individual actions, particularly in the absence of a coordinated national response. We all ended up being the Dr. Fauci of our own homes, so to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where We Go From Here\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, with vaccines widespread, the U.S. is entering a new phase of this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even now, DeSantis and Newsom are still being guided by their opposing ideologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 15 months, California lifted nearly all restrictions Tuesday, but counties are still permitted to enforce their own, and all unvaccinated residents are still being asked to mask in most public spaces. Attendees at indoor events with more than 5,000 people will have to either show they’re fully vaccinated or provide a recent negative COVID-19 test result; and Newsom’s administration is in the process of creating a digital “vaccine verification system,” allowing businesses to more easily check people’s vaccination status (though he’s quick to stress that using it is not required).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Health care worker Jaden Anderson tests a child for COVID-19 at a Unidos en Salud testing site on 24th and Mission streets in San Francisco on Nov. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in Florida, DeSantis recently \u003ca href=\"//www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article251147909.html\">overrode\u003c/a> all remaining local emergency pandemic-related orders and restrictions. He also signed a bill making it illegal for businesses, schools and governments to require proof of vaccination. Recently, he’s been in a legal battle with the CDC over requiring vaccines on cruises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, each governor is playing to his political base — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite better health outcomes in California, Newsom is facing a recall attempt largely fueled by anger over his strict lockdowns. Yet just months after the recall qualified, Newsom is looking increasingly strong as his state emerges from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, DeSantis’ star is also on the rise in the GOP — even though, or maybe because, he flouted many public health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coming months will be crucial from a public health perspective. But the debate over whether DeSantis or Newsom best led his state through this crisis will likely drag on, especially given the two governors’ ambitious political aspirations: Both are thought to have presidential hopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Correction\u003c/b>: Dr. Bob Wachter’s initial estimate of how many fewer COVID-19 deaths there would have been in Florida if it had the same death rate as in California was miscalculated. The original version of this story states: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>By Wachter’s math, if Florida’s COVID-19 death rate had been closer to California’s, there would have been roughly 5,000 fewer people dead there.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the correct estimate of fewer deaths (based on each state’s COVID death rate at the time of publication) is less than half that: 2,389. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>WLRN’s Verónica Zaragovia contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A year ago, KQED and WLRN in Miami collaborated to document the dramatically contrasting policy decisions their state leaders made at the beginning of the pandemic. A year later, we evaluate how those decisions impacted public health and economic outcomes in each state.",
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"title": "California and Florida Took Dramatically Divergent Pandemic Paths. Who Did Better? | KQED",
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"headline": "California and Florida Took Dramatically Divergent Pandemic Paths. Who Did Better?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From the outset of the coronavirus pandemic, the governors of California and Florida have taken almost polar opposite approaches to managing an unprecedented health crisis: California Gov. Gavin Newsom shut down his state early, prioritizing public health; Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis largely kept his state open for business, prioritizing the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California just fully reopened on Tuesday, while Florida has been open all year, save for a short lockdown last spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split mirrors the political divisions that have bedeviled the United States during the pandemic — with both sides claiming victory at various times. But now, more than a year of data is offering some clear takeaways on which state’s approach has produced better outcomes on a number of fronts.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In short, thousands more people per capita in Florida have been infected with, and died from, COVID-19 than in California. And while unemployment remains about twice as high in California, some economists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2021-06-02/la-fi-california-economy-recovery-ucla-forecast-june-2021\">predicting a faster overall recovery\u003c/a> in states like California that locked down early and kept those restrictions in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, given the two states’ widely contrasting approaches to the pandemic, some experts say they would have expected even more disparate health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most public health officials would say that Florida humbles us and makes us realize there are parts of this that we understand and there are parts of this that we don’t exactly understand,” said Dr. Bob Wachter, a leading epidemiologist and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easy to criticize California,” Wachter added. “The overall numbers of cases and deaths are so high. But that’s irrelevant, really. You have to look at the per capita rates because California is so much bigger than any other state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Wachter’s math, if Florida’s COVID-19 death rate had been closer to California’s, there would have been nearly 2,400 fewer people dead there. As of this week, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#cases_casesper100klast7days\">transmission rates in Florida remain five times higher than in California\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In all, 57% of all Californians have received at least one dose of the vaccine, compared to about 48% of all Floridians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And beyond health and economic impacts, there have been other trade-offs each state made, with outcomes that may take years to fully evaluate: For one, most Florida kids have been back in school since the fall; most California students did not return until this spring, and even then, not always full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Wachter, assessing the success or failure of each state is complicated — and to some extent subjective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, I think some of that will come down to how you value human life,” he said. “I don’t want to sugarcoat it. The number of deaths in Florida per capita is significantly higher than they are in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For community leaders on the ground in both states, the decisions made by DeSantis and Newsom had far-reaching implications — especially for communities of color, who were generally hardest hit by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One year \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-a-national-health-crisis-fell-on-the-backs-of-local-leaders/\">after we first compared these two states\u003c/a>, in a collaboration between KQED in San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\">WLRN\u003c/a> in Miami and \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/\">Reveal\u003c/a>, we visited communities in each state: the Mission District in San Francisco and the city of Miami Gardens in Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Mission District\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Last spring, as the coronavirus was spreading across the nation, and the world, community leaders in San Francisco’s heavily Latino Mission District realized things were poised to get bad — quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although heavily gentrified in pockets, the Mission is still a largely working-class neighborhood. It’s home to many low-income families who often live in homes shared by multiple generations, allowing little room to quarantine if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Jacobo, who grew up here and is active in local politics, said he and others watched with concern in March 2020 as San Francisco officials, and then state leaders, announced some of the nation’s first stay-at home orders — even as spring break continued to draw tourists to Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46114_022_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers from the San Francisco Latino Task Force help register people at a COVID-19 testing site on 24th and Mission streets in San Francisco on Nov. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The immediate thoughts, I think, for everybody were, ‘What is going to happen to the folks that are going to lose their jobs? … What’s going to happen to the individuals that have to go to work?’ ” he said. “Because there’s a lot of people that don’t have that luxury or that privilege.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobo and other volunteers — many of them Latino community members themselves — banded together to create what they called the Latino Task Force. Fearful of a coming wave of infections, they started asking the city for resources, including testing, tracing, rental assistance and food donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time, tests were in short supply and the virus was spreading rapidly — more so in this neighborhood, it seemed to them, than in other nearby communities. So in April 2020, the Latino Task Force and other community leaders partnered with UCSF to set up a testing site in the neighborhood and put some numbers behind their hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recruited volunteers. We knocked on 1,400 doors over four days and registered people at the door, handed out fliers. We phone-banked — treated it like a traditional political campaign,” Jacobo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, over 4,000 people came to get tested. About 40% were Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that were positive — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/05/417356/initial-results-mission-district-covid-19-testing-announced\">it was 95% Latino, it was 100% people of color,\u003c/a>” Jacobo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In response, the city expanded testing opportunities and other help for people of color and essential workers throughout the city — in partnership with existing groups like the Latino Task Force, who already had deep ties to city neighborhoods. It’s a lesson San Francisco learned decades ago during the AIDS crisis: The best way to get to hard-to-reach populations, people who might distrust the government, is to use the networks they already trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Latino Task Force did this in the Mission by not only focusing on testing: They set up a resource hub at a large building at 701 Alabama St. Funded by the city, the street outside morphs every Thursday into a pop-up COVID-19 testing site, and now, a place where people can make vaccine appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also offering all the other things low-income residents have needed during the pandemic. For more than a year, the site has handed out groceries — serving as many as 9,000 families each week. There is also a community wellness team on-site that partners with families when someone tests positive to make sure they have the resources to survive quarantine. Mental health services and job training — all offered in multiple languages — are available as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed called the collaboration — one of many across the city — a game changer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of working with the Latino Task Force had everything to do with making people feel comfortable about getting tested, no questions asked,” she said recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this government and community support didn’t erase the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 cases on Latinos in San Francisco during its summer and winter surges. But Jacobo said it did offer a safety net for vulnerable residents — and it left the city and community with a playbook when the vaccines started to roll out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a community health team providing info on what the vaccine is or what the vaccine isn’t. And we’ll literally sign you up for your appointment here,” Jacobo said. “So you don’t have to do anything.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>It worked: By early June, San Francisco reported that \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/stories/s/COVID-19-Vaccinations-Maps/uue2-6gdn/\">more than 70% of residents in the neighborhood\u003c/a> had received at least one dose. Citywide, more than two-thirds of Latinos are vaccinated. And as California lifts nearly all COVID-19 restrictions — San Francisco officials this week announced more 80% of residents have received at least one dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed credits San Franciscans for trusting the science, the data and one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I must say, I am really proud of how San Franciscans, for the most part, handled this crisis, because if people didn’t comply and didn’t trust the information, we wouldn’t be here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same cannot be said across the country in Miami Gardens.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Miami Gardens\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Located in Miami-Dade County, Miami Gardens is the largest Black-majority city in Florida — African Americans make up roughly 71% of the population. And like the Latino community in San Francisco’s Mission District, it is not a monolithic group — there are Bahamians, Jamaicans, Afro-Cubans, residents from West African countries like Nigeria and Ghana; some are Florida natives, some are immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Miami-Dade County is doing pretty well when it comes to vaccines: About 58% of the total population has received at least one dose, according to county data from June 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878385\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Miami-G-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On a Friday in May, only four or five people came to receive COVID-19 vaccinations at the Brentwood Pool vaccination site in Miami Gardens, Florida. \u003ccite>(Caitie Switalski Muñoz/WLRN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, that number plummets among the county’s Black residents, only about 20% of whom have received at least one shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice mayor of Miami Gardens, Reggie Leon, said he feels that disparity is probably due to a combination of inaccessibility and mistrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that people of color had some trust issues, especially with vaccines. So [my office] started reaching out,” said Leon, who is Black. “We started reaching out to different groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the major vaccination sites was a state-run location at the Hard Rock Stadium in the city — home to the Miami Dolphins and where the 2020 Super Bowl was held shortly before the coronavirus hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the state previously offering testing at the site, Leon said the location just didn’t work for many residents of his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stadium wasn’t enough because you had people coming from everywhere to get into the stadium and the stadium didn’t have the flexibility for walk-ups and they didn’t have the flexibility for those people that didn’t have transportation,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t just about access, said Dr. Dwight Reynolds, an emergency physician working with the city of Miami Gardens. Many Black men like him were uncomfortable with the stadium site, he said, noting that it was set up by the state with help from the National Guard, and had a lot of security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine for a moment that you are a male of color. You go into a place where you see white officers — let’s tell it like it is — with guns,” Reynolds said. “OK, would you feel comfortable pulling up to that site although it’s free? Probably not.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>So to try to increase vaccination rates among residents, the city partnered with a Black-owned company to open its own pop-up vaccination site at Brentwood Community Pool, about 2 miles away from the Hard Rock Stadium. At its pop-up site, the city offers doses of the Moderna vaccine, with Black nurses and doctors, including Reynolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said he regularly hears from Black Floridians that they feel more comfortable with him holding the needle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To have people that look like you, talk like you, that’s kind of important,” he said. “We look like them. We talk like them. And guess what? We are them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faith Heywood, a Black nurse herself, got her first shot there in mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been looking online and it’s, you know, very complicated,” she said. “I’m ready today. I don’t want to think about Monday or Tuesday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Despite the location and ease, though, it’s been hard to attract people: On one Friday in May only about four or five people came for a shot all day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reynolds said he’s often been in the difficult position of deciding whether or not to open a vial — and risk having doses go bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s say at 3 o’clock, 4 o’clock — if you … can’t move those ones that you have left, then you end up having problems,” he said, adding he’s taken to driving extra doses as far as Coral Springs — some 30 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been slower going here than in San Francisco, where a deeper level of trust had already been established in some lower-income communities by the time the vaccines arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local leaders in both Miami Gardens and San Francisco’s Mission District have centered their efforts around building trust on the ground, but say they have been both helped and stymied by the decisions made at their own state capitols.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘I Would Not Declare Victory Now’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. DeSantis followed the lead of his ally, former President Donald Trump: He refused to institute many restrictions recommended by health experts, like a statewide mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by spring 2021, DeSantis also made it harder for local governments to enforce their own COVID-19 safety rules. In March, for example, he overturned fines cities and counties administered to individuals and businesses for breaking health restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Epidemiologists in both states agree that while the two governors’ decisions did influence health outcomes, so did the individual decisions of the millions of residents in each state — who sometimes acted in spite of their leaders’ examples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Prins, a University of Florida epidemiologist, said that’s probably one reason why things aren’t as bad in Florida as some experts predicted they would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a lot of people continued to wear masks, not go to restaurants, physically distance in some cases, in spite of the fact that things were opened up,” Prins said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s very hard to judge success because we don’t have the comparison group of what would have happened if everything was open the whole time,” she continued. “What’s the comparison if everything’s closed?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, from UCSF, stressed that this pandemic isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think the Florida story is fully written yet,” he said. “There’s a lot of the variants down there. The variants are nastier. So I would not declare victory now in Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the actions of individual Californians — especially at family gatherings over the holiday season — prompted a major winter surge. Yet Wachter said those outbreaks were notably worse in the southern half of the state, showing that Newsom’s restrictions only went so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state had the same rules and standards. But people in L.A. and people in some of the other southern counties were acting differently than the people in the Bay Area were tending to. And you saw a divergence,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the \u003ca href=\"https://revealnews.org/article/how-a-national-health-crisis-fell-on-the-backs-of-local-leaders/\">major finding\u003c/a> of our collaboration last spring, early in the pandemic: the huge significance of individual actions, particularly in the absence of a coordinated national response. We all ended up being the Dr. Fauci of our own homes, so to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where We Go From Here\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now, with vaccines widespread, the U.S. is entering a new phase of this pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even now, DeSantis and Newsom are still being guided by their opposing ideologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 15 months, California lifted nearly all restrictions Tuesday, but counties are still permitted to enforce their own, and all unvaccinated residents are still being asked to mask in most public spaces. Attendees at indoor events with more than 5,000 people will have to either show they’re fully vaccinated or provide a recent negative COVID-19 test result; and Newsom’s administration is in the process of creating a digital “vaccine verification system,” allowing businesses to more easily check people’s vaccination status (though he’s quick to stress that using it is not required).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11878398\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11878398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/RS46130_038_KQED_SanFrancisco_COVIDTesting_11302020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Health care worker Jaden Anderson tests a child for COVID-19 at a Unidos en Salud testing site on 24th and Mission streets in San Francisco on Nov. 30, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in Florida, DeSantis recently \u003ca href=\"//www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article251147909.html\">overrode\u003c/a> all remaining local emergency pandemic-related orders and restrictions. He also signed a bill making it illegal for businesses, schools and governments to require proof of vaccination. Recently, he’s been in a legal battle with the CDC over requiring vaccines on cruises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, each governor is playing to his political base — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite better health outcomes in California, Newsom is facing a recall attempt largely fueled by anger over his strict lockdowns. Yet just months after the recall qualified, Newsom is looking increasingly strong as his state emerges from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, DeSantis’ star is also on the rise in the GOP — even though, or maybe because, he flouted many public health guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coming months will be crucial from a public health perspective. But the debate over whether DeSantis or Newsom best led his state through this crisis will likely drag on, especially given the two governors’ ambitious political aspirations: Both are thought to have presidential hopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Correction\u003c/b>: Dr. Bob Wachter’s initial estimate of how many fewer COVID-19 deaths there would have been in Florida if it had the same death rate as in California was miscalculated. The original version of this story states: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>By Wachter’s math, if Florida’s COVID-19 death rate had been closer to California’s, there would have been roughly 5,000 fewer people dead there.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the correct estimate of fewer deaths (based on each state’s COVID death rate at the time of publication) is less than half that: 2,389. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>WLRN’s Verónica Zaragovia contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>As COVID-19 Cases Spike, Pressure Mounts for New Relief Deal\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that on Tuesday the state had recorded more than 12,000 new coronavirus cases — its largest daily total yet. California now has the largest number of COVID-19 cases in the nation, surpassing New York, and California’s rates of hospitalization and death due to the respiratory illness have also soared in recent weeks. Meanwhile, on Capitol Hill, Senate Republicans are struggling to craft a new round of federal aid. Although the White House dropped its demands for a payroll tax cut, which some GOP lawmakers opposed, big divisions remain over the scope of the relief package as unemployment benefits for millions of Americans are set to expire next week. Democrats on Capitol Hill are pushing for a $3 trillion relief package passed in the House of Representatives in May that would include aid to states like California facing massive budget deficits. Also this week, President Trump announced that the Republican National Convention that was set to take place next month in Jackson, Florida, has been canceled, citing concerns about the state’s surging rate of infections. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government senior editor\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Criminal Justice Reforms in Santa Clara County\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The national reckoning over racial injustice and police misconduct has reverberated throughout society and sharpened demands for criminal justice reforms — nationally and locally. This week, Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen announced he would no longer seek the death penalty in all cases. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also announced the creation of a new board for greater public oversight into police misconduct.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But some — including Santa Clara County Public Defender Molly O’Neal — argue that more needs to be done to change the culture of policing following the revelation last month of racist and anti-Muslim posts made on a private, now deactivated Facebook group comprised of current and former San Jose police officers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeff Rosen, Santa Clara County district attorney\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molly O’Neal, Santa Clara County public defender\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pandemic Throws Baseball a Curveball\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Friday, the Oakland Athletics will play their opening day game against the Los Angeles Angels at RingCentral Coliseum in Oakland as Major League Baseball returns for a new, shortened season upended by the coronavirus pandemic. New rules and health guidelines are making the 60-game season unlike any other, for fans and players alike. Stadiums across the country are closed to the public to help lower the spread of the coronavirus. Some MLB teams, including the Oakland A’s, made cardboard cutouts of loyal fans to place in the stands, since spectators — for now, at least — are barred from attending games. Socially distanced seating will now also be required in the dugouts, as will frequent coronavirus testing among coaches and players, some of whom have decided to opt out of the season over health and safety concerns. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mark Willard, host, “The Mark Willard Show” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>As COVID-19 Cases Spike, Pressure Mounts for New Relief Deal\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that on Tuesday the state had recorded more than 12,000 new coronavirus cases — its largest daily total yet. California now has the largest number of COVID-19 cases in the nation, surpassing New York, and California’s rates of hospitalization and death due to the respiratory illness have also soared in recent weeks. Meanwhile, on Capitol Hill, Senate Republicans are struggling to craft a new round of federal aid. Although the White House dropped its demands for a payroll tax cut, which some GOP lawmakers opposed, big divisions remain over the scope of the relief package as unemployment benefits for millions of Americans are set to expire next week. Democrats on Capitol Hill are pushing for a $3 trillion relief package passed in the House of Representatives in May that would include aid to states like California facing massive budget deficits. Also this week, President Trump announced that the Republican National Convention that was set to take place next month in Jackson, Florida, has been canceled, citing concerns about the state’s surging rate of infections. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government senior editor\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Criminal Justice Reforms in Santa Clara County\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The national reckoning over racial injustice and police misconduct has reverberated throughout society and sharpened demands for criminal justice reforms — nationally and locally. This week, Santa Clara County District Attorney Jeff Rosen announced he would no longer seek the death penalty in all cases. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He also announced the creation of a new board for greater public oversight into police misconduct.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But some — including Santa Clara County Public Defender Molly O’Neal — argue that more needs to be done to change the culture of policing following the revelation last month of racist and anti-Muslim posts made on a private, now deactivated Facebook group comprised of current and former San Jose police officers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jeff Rosen, Santa Clara County district attorney\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Molly O’Neal, Santa Clara County public defender\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pandemic Throws Baseball a Curveball\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Friday, the Oakland Athletics will play their opening day game against the Los Angeles Angels at RingCentral Coliseum in Oakland as Major League Baseball returns for a new, shortened season upended by the coronavirus pandemic. New rules and health guidelines are making the 60-game season unlike any other, for fans and players alike. Stadiums across the country are closed to the public to help lower the spread of the coronavirus. Some MLB teams, including the Oakland A’s, made cardboard cutouts of loyal fans to place in the stands, since spectators — for now, at least — are barred from attending games. Socially distanced seating will now also be required in the dugouts, as will frequent coronavirus testing among coaches and players, some of whom have decided to opt out of the season over health and safety concerns. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mark Willard, host, “The Mark Willard Show” \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How a National Health Crisis Fell on the Backs of Local Leaders",
"title": "How a National Health Crisis Fell on the Backs of Local Leaders",
"headTitle": "Center for Investigative Reporting | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported in collaboration with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED\u003c/a> in San Francisco and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WLRN Public Media\u003c/a> of South Florida.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]n Friday, March 13, President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence stood in the White House Rose Garden to \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-conference-3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declare\u003c/a> COVID-19 a national emergency. But the risk of the disease, Pence told the nation, remained low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want everybody taking this test; it’s totally unnecessary,” Trump assured Americans. “This will pass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,000 miles south of Washington, as if heeding their call, thousands of spring breakers had converged on Miami Beach. They played tug of war on the sand and snapped selfies by the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I get corona, I get corona,” one tourist from Ohio \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://news.yahoo.com/aint-serious-miami-spring-breakers-074801407.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told reporters\u003c/a>. “At the end of the day, I’m not gonna let it stop me from partying.” For them, the specter of the COVID-19 pandemic seemed very far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Trump, Florida’s Republican governor, Ron DeSantis, had downplayed the threat of COVID-19. Just a few days earlier, when Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s leading expert on the pandemic, had said Florida was experiencing community spread of the virus, DeSantis had retorted that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/11/feds-say-florida-has-community-spread-of-coronavirus-florida-disagrees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it wasn’t true\u003c/a>. The governor also had \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/19/politics/florida-coronavirus-beaches/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">balked at closing the state’s beaches\u003c/a> to check the virus’ spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend after Trump’s address, Miami Beach Mayor Dan Gelber took a stroll on Ocean Drive, a thoroughfare lined with palm trees and historic Art Deco buildings. He came to a sudden realization that not one person out of the thousands he saw was practicing social distancing. Without widespread testing, he thought, the virus could be silently spreading through his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit Gelber: He had to close the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People eat at a restaurant along Ocean Drive on March 17, 2020 in Miami Beach, Florida. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825234\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St..jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Street in San Francisco’s Financial District is free of cars and pedestrians March 17. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At that point, I realized that I was not going to rely on the federal government to tell us what to do,” he said. “I obviously couldn’t rely on the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, Dr. Scott Morrow was experiencing his own day of dread. The veteran public health officer for San Mateo County, on California’s San Francisco Peninsula, Morrow had no proof that the virus was spreading. Medical testing supplies were maddeningly impossible to come by. But he had become convinced that the potentially deadly virus, which had first been noted in the area only six weeks before, was “spreading like wildfire under our noses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow feared that the entire San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than 7 million people, would soon be “following Italy into the abyss,” with an exponential growth curve of infection and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Mateo County Health Officer Dr. Scott Morrow speaks during a March 16 press conference by public health directors in six San Francisco Bay Area counties. \u003ccite>(Dai Sugano/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worse, Morrow was running out of ideas for checking the contagion. Already, he had banned large public gatherings. The county’s schools were shutting down. Deeply frustrated, he recalled sending an email to county officials, warning them, “This is all I can do – I’m out of options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a rainy Sunday morning two days later, Morrow was awoken by a text message: Would he jump on a call with Dr. Tomás Aragón, the public health officer in San Francisco, and Dr. Sara Cody, the health officer of Santa Clara County in the hard-hit Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a day of calls that soon included county counsel, the officers converged on a radical consensus — to use their broad powers under California public health law in a way that had never been tried in the United States. To stop the spread of the disease, they would order the public to stay in their homes and shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what needed to be done,” Morrow said. Bay Area health officers announced vast shutdown orders the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow recalls feeling “scared shitless.” Would the public comply with shelter in place? And even if they did, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week and a half later, on March 26, the U.S. became the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text wp-exclude-emoji\">Blunting the Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At a congressional hearing in mid-May, a recently ousted federal health official pulled back the curtain on the colossal missteps that had undercut the federal response to the pandemic. Rick Bright had filed a whistleblower complaint charging that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/rick-bright-trump-hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he was removed\u003c/a> from his post as the deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response at the Department of Health and Human Services when he urged the vetting of hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malaria drug Trump touted as a cure for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bright testified that he and several colleagues had warned the White House as early as January that the country was unprepared for a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We knew going into this pandemic that critical medical equipment would be in short supply,” he told \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/14/politics/coronavirus-whistleblower-testimony/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Congress on May 14\u003c/a>. “I was met with indifference, saying they were either too busy, they didn’t have a plan, they didn’t know who was responsible for procuring those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government not only had failed to secure critical supplies, such as ventilator masks and testing swabs, he said, but had failed to provide clear guidance to the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our population is being paralyzed by fear,” he said, “stemming from a lack of a coordinated response and a dearth of accurate, clear communication about the path forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825221\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825221\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Bright, a former deputy assistant secretary at the Department of Health and Human Services, testifies before a House subcommittee May 14. \u003ccite>(Shawn Thew/Pool via Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The testing shortages, in particular, hampered public health officials as they tried to confront the looming threat, said Dr. John Swartzberg, an epidemiologist with the joint medical program of the University of California, Berkeley\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and UC San Francisco. For epidemiologists, tests are “our eyes” in a pandemic, Swartzberg said, and the rollout was so badly botched that decision-makers were left in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, testing was delayed because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>chose to create its own test rather than partner with private labs. When the new CDC tests were finally ready, the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/04/04/coronavirus-government-dysfunction/?arc404=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency failed\u003c/a> to ramp up production – and the tests themselves had technical defects. State labs had to send their samples to CDC headquarters in Atlanta, causing a long backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"States can do their own testing,” Trump would \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later say\u003c/a>. “We’re the federal government. We’re not supposed to stand on street corners doing testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Response to the pandemic in the global epicenter would be left to states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest states to be hit by the pandemic would face the toughest tests, forced to consider unprecedented decisions. Among the first states with confirmed cases — and confirmed deaths — were California and Florida, whose governors’ wildly different leadership styles influenced the states’ responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, ultimately followed the lead of local health officers and became the first in the nation to extend shelter-in-place orders to the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, issued only vague recommendations until late in the game, leaving\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local governments in charge of crucial decisions. He refused to close all of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the state’s beaches and delayed issuing a statewide stay-at-home order for weeks, until 36 states had already done so and Florida had surpassed 100 deaths. In a statement to Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, DeSantis spokesperson\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody McCloud said “the Governor’s Office worked with these mayors to ensure the needs of their counties were being met” as they made decisions early on in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere was the federal government’s scattershot response to the pandemic — and the contrast between the two governors — on more vivid display than in the distinct fates of cruise ship outbreaks that ended up in California and Florida ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-bound liner, the 3,500-passenger Grand Princess, had one COVID-19 \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/coronavirus-princess-cruise-san-francisco-grand-placer-county-death/5988195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">death\u003c/a> and nearly two dozen other cases by the time it approached San Francisco Bay in early March. Trump had made clear that he wasn’t keen on the ship coming ashore, concerned it would inflate the nation’s COVID-19 caseload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825233\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise heads to the Port of Oakland, Calif., on March 9. At least 21 people aboard had tested positive for COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like the numbers being where they are,” \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2020/mar/07/i-like-the-numbers-being-where-they-are-trump-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he said\u003c/a> March 6. “I don’t need to have the numbers double because of one ship that wasn’t our fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom feared that if the ship docked in San Francisco, infection might sweep through the city. After prolonged consultations with the CDC, Pence’s coronavirus task force and other federal health officials, Newsom announced a plan: The Grand Princess would dock in Oakland, and U.S. passengers\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>would be put into quarantine at a cluster of military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s cruise ship crisis involved 1,200 passengers on two Holland America liners, the Zaandam and the Rotterdam. Some\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article241559956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 150 passengers\u003c/a> had developed flu-like symptoms by the time Port Everglades became the ships’ last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, DeSantis\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>left decision-making in the hands of a unified command of eight local and federal agencies. That team, as in California, included the CDC. But the outcome could not have been more different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 2, when the ships were allowed to dock, 13 seriously ill passengers and one crew member were taken to hospitals. Without being tested or quarantined, the other passengers headed for the airport, where they boarded chartered flights to such major cities as Atlanta, Toronto, London — and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinct pandemic responses in California and Florida were also shaped by the two states’ vastly different health infrastructures. While in California, counties have independent and highly autonomous health officers, Florida has a more centralized health department with branch offices in each county. The department largely \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takes orders\u003c/a> from the governor. If the state’s leadership is slow, so is the department’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Department of Health officials declined an interview to discuss their pandemic response, noting in a statement only that their approach has been “strategic and methodical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal, in partnership with KQED in San Francisco and WLRN Public Media of South Florida, interviewed dozens of elected officials, public health officers, mayors, hospital directors and educators to provide an unprecedented look at how key decisions made by local officials ultimately saved lives as the Trump administration downplayed the threat of the virus in the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks\"]'My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come. This will be a pandemic.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s governor had feared millions of coronavirus infections. Instead, the state’s case rate fell below the national average, and the death toll, according to information compiled by the CDC and the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation at the University of Washington, was far lower than initially feared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida also skirted the early disaster that some experts had feared. By late March, Florida’s case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rate began to overtake California’s, but the state’s hospital system was never overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bold action by local officials appears to have blunted the force of the pandemic in those crucial early weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first case — and the nation’s third — was confirmed Jan. 25, when an Orange County man who had recently traveled to Wuhan, China, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://mailchi.mp/ochca/novelcoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was hospitalized\u003c/a>. But experts now believe that COVID-19 likely established itself weeks earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco’s Chinatown, began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan was building into a pandemic that would inevitably spread to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in his \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/we-have-it-totally-under-control-a-timeline-of-president-donald-trumps-response-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first public comment\u003c/a> on the novel virus, had dismissed concerns, saying: “It’s one person coming in from China, and we have it under control. It’s going to be just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zhang said she was alarmed by word from an old medical school classmate that a volunteer Chinese medical team was flying three hours to Wuhan before the Jan. 25 start of the Lunar New Year, China’s biggest holiday. “When you deploy a team like that and you have to leave on Chinese New Year’s Eve,” Zhang recalled thinking, “something must be really serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-160x89.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-1020x565.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco, says that in late January, she began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan, China, would inevitably spread to the West Coast. \u003ccite>(CBS SF Bay Area)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outbreak was coming at a dangerous time. The Lunar New Year marks the largest human migration on earth, as hundreds of millions travel to visit family for the extended holiday. And Zhang knew there was direct air service between Wuhan and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m like, my God, it’s only 12 hours away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang decided to stock up on protective equipment for the hospital, including 2,000 ventilator\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>masks. But the masks\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>were back-ordered.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>She phoned the local official who represents Chinatown on the Board of Supervisors, Aaron Peskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be a nightmare of yours and mine if we have the outbreak in Chinatown,” she told him. Zhang and Peskin pulled together a news conference Feb. 1 to warn of the coronavirus threat and urge Chinatown residents to reduce their risk of infection. Wash your hands, they repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in Florida, a hospital just outside Fort Lauderdale was having its first brush with COVID-19. A woman visiting from a province near Wuhan showed up at a Memorial Healthcare System hospital with flu symptoms, sparking a flurry of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local coverage. She tested negative for COVID-19, but the incident was a wake-up call, prompting the hospital to dust off its pandemic preparedness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come,” said Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks. “This will be a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Eerie Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">For Dr. Sara Cody, health officer in California’s Santa Clara County, the weeks before COVID-19 were like driving in a dense fog. You knew there might be a cliff around the bend. But you couldn’t see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In January, she and her staff started reading up about “some unusual virus that was emerging in China,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the virus turned out to be, Cody thought it was headed her way: There’s a tremendous amount of routine air travel between Silicon Valley and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I was thinking, you know, it’s likely we’re going to see this early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Feb. 3, Santa Clara County, home to San Jose, had confirmed two cases of COVID-19: Both patients had traveled to Wuhan. Cody declared a local public health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then,” she recalled, “we had this eerie February, where we had no more cases reported, no more cases detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks passed, Cody made reassuring public statements about COVID-19, to the point that some local officials complained that she was downplaying the risk. At one meeting, on Feb. 19, she said, “We don’t have any evidence still to date that the coronavirus is circulating in our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825223\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sara Cody, health Officer of California’s Santa Clara County, speaks during a Feb. 28 press conference about the county’s third confirmed case of COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Yichuan Cao/Sipa via AP Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes, she was scrambling to track the virus’s spread. A health officer’s playbook for containing a pandemic begins with aggressive testing. In the case of COVID-19, the supply of tests was grossly inadequate — and the tests themselves were unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout February, Cody said her staff was desperately trying to run the new CDC tests in local laboratories, but they couldn’t make them work. So every sample had to be sent to the CDC for testing, and “there was this huge, long process to get a specimen to the CDC and get it back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the month of February was just strange, because you had the sense that probably something might be going on, but we didn’t know what it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 27, Dr. Scott Morrow of neighboring San Mateo County, Cody’s longtime colleague, wrote an extraordinarily blunt \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.smchealth.org/health-officer-orders-and-statements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the county’s 700,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 might become “a severe pandemic,” read the letter, posted on the county’s website. Everyone’s lives might be “significantly disrupted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticked off a series of orders that might become necessary: social distancing. A ban on gatherings. Closing schools. Rationing critical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a difficult message to share,” he wrote, “but it is important to recognize how difficult the times ahead may be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, February was an extraordinarily quiet month when it came to the emerging world pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11823854\" label=\"Reopening: What You Need to Know\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/cheers.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first public rumblings about the virus came from the governor at a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article240695761.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Feb. 27 news conference\u003c/a>. DeSantis said there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state, then evaded questions from reporters about how many people had actually been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I’m allowed to go into the numbers,” he said, citing a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0031.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> state law\u003c/a> that protects medical information of people undergoing “epidemiological investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article242844471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal experts\u003c/a> and lawmakers were quick to point out that the law allowed the state to share aggregate numbers during a public health crisis. “It was a complete firewall of information,” said state Sen. Jose Javier Rodriguez, a Miami Democrat. “They say they can’t, when in reality they won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rodriguez was in Tallahassee for the legislative session, he asked for a meeting with the state Department of Health to discuss COVID-19 testing and preparedness. Medical experts were already encouraging elbow bumps in lieu of handshakes to prevent infection. So he was stunned when the health officials arrived at his office and one tried to shake his hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really did feel like Chicken Little,” Rodriguez said. “This is a real thing. They’re not telling us if it’s here or if it’s coming. And the first person at the first meeting I’m having about this is trying to shake my hand. And I was like, what’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, on March 1, DeSantis confirmed the state’s first two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Gov. Gavin Newsom was the telegenic face of California’s fight against the pandemic. His earnest, information-packed \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press conferences\u003c/a>, some lasting as long as an hour, were live-streamed and often dominated local evening news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians liked what they saw: By April, Newsom’s approval rating had increased by an astonishing 41 points, to 83%, FiveThirtyEight \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/most-americans-like-how-their-governor-is-handling-the-coronavirus-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. After he made an appearance on Rachel Maddow’s MSNBC show, the hashtag #PresidentNewsom briefly trended \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://account.sacbee.com/paywall/stop?resume=241860561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were missteps: Newsom was slow to acknowledge problems with COVID-19 testing — at one point, California had a backlog of 60,000 tests, reportedly the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/california-coronavirus-tests-backlog-unprocessed-2020-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> worst in the country\u003c/a> — and for a time, like Trump, he insisted, despite all evidence, that testing was readily available. (Newsom later acknowledged a problem — “I own that,” he said — and\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-test-backlog-delays-newsom-announces-ramp-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> promised to improve\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the governor took action only after local officials had cleared the way. That first became apparent in connection with one of his earliest attempts to check the virus — the March 11 ban on large gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825257\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks to reporters March 12 about the state’s response to the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 gathered steam in the early days of March, health officers in the Bay Area started rolling out strategies to disrupt its spread. At first, this amounted only to strongly worded guidance.\u003cbr>\nIn a March 5 letter, Dr. Scott Morrow urged San Mateo County residents to practice social distancing and cancel nonessential gatherings. “This is not business as usual,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, San Francisco Mayor London Breed issued her own recommendations \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/san-francisco-department-public-health-announces-aggressive-recommendations-reduce-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">discouraging large gatherings\u003c/a>. In Santa Clara County, Dr. Sara Cody did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, the giants of the tech industry responded in force, asking tens of thousands of employees to\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8082517/Microsoft-Facebook-embrace-home-working-amid-coronavirus-crisis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> work from home\u003c/a>. Among them were such powerhouses as Facebook, Google, Apple, Twitter, Salesforce and LinkedIn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the health officers learned, not every business was willing to voluntarily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose’s NHL team, the Sharks, and San Francisco’s NBA team, the Golden State Warriors, both continued to play games — potentially allowing the virus to spread among their thousands of fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Playing those games was “the worst thing you could do in the face of the pandemic,” said Dr. John Swartzberg, the UC epidemiologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers countered by issuing orders banning large gatherings altogether, shutting the sports teams down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was two days after Santa Clara announced its ban that Newsom followed suit by \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/11/california-public-health-experts-mass-gatherings-should-be-postponed-or-canceled-statewide-to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issuing one statewide\u003c/a>. That became the pattern: Local officials would issue tough orders, and the governor would expand on what they did. On the difficult matter\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>of closing public schools, for example, educators said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the governor flatly refused to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts knew that public schools were a potential breeding ground for the virus. One infected child could pass on the virus to dozens of classmates, teachers and family members. Closing schools was an obvious way to limit viral transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officials also recognized that school closings would send a ripple of pain through every community. Working families would have to arrange child care or give up jobs. Grandparents — among the most vulnerable to serious illness from COVID-19 — would wind up taking care of kids. The logistics of reaching families in need of school meal programs would be formidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, the downside of closing schools outweighed the benefits, as Cody put it. But early in March, starting with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/03/07/family-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-elk-grove-district-closes-schools-next-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elk Grove\u003c/a> in suburban Sacramento, individual districts in California began to close schools\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>when students or parents were diagnosed with COVID-19. In San Francisco, Superintendent Vincent Matthews shut down 2,900-student Lowell High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, March 9, the governor met with school superintendents in the State Capitol. Matthews drove\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the 90 miles\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>to Sacramento, he recalled, “to find out whether he was going to close schools or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wouldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was emphatic about that,” Matthews said, “that he was not going to close schools. He just said it was a local decision and he was going to let local districts make the call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Matthews decided to act swiftly. He consulted the county health officer, Dr. Tomás Aragón, and held an emergency meeting of the school board. On Thursday, March 12, he announced that\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/schools-will-close-students-3-weeks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> all schools in his district would close\u003c/a>. “We just determined that, you know, we needed to slow things down,” Matthews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11824758\" label=\"Impacts on Bay Area Transit\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS42564_001_KQED_SanFrancisco_Muni_04062020-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/california-k-12-schools-closed-due-to-the-coronavirus/624984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wave\u003c/a> of other districts — including Los Angeles, with more than 700,000 students — followed San Francisco and shut down schools. Only then did the governor issue an \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.13.20-EO-N-26-20-Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> guaranteeing that districts that closed because of the pandemic would still receive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>state funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As life in California was grinding to a halt, Florida’s social and political life mostly went on undisturbed. In early March, state lawmakers still greeted each other with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/do-florida-lawmakers-take-coronavirus-seriously-ask-when-they-stop-hugging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bear hugs\u003c/a> in the State Capitol. Tourists still crowded Disney World and Universal Studios. The \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article240915331.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winter Party Festival\u003c/a>, an annual LGBTQ event in Miami Beach, drew thousands of partygoers, some of whom \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article242034896.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later died\u003c/a> of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But slowly, the first signs of a disturbance to Florida life emerged. Miami officials postponed the electronic dance music event Ultra Music Festival, despite \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/downtown-miami/article240878956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protests\u003c/a> by ticket holders on social media. As\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Florida’s\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>presidential primary neared, older poll workers concerned about getting exposed to the virus started to drop out, local elections officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began receiving calls from people saying, ‘I’m not going to show up,’” said Peter Antonacci, Broward County’s elections supervisor. “‘I’m afraid of the virus.’ So we knew then that we had an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of guidance from federal and state officials, some local businesses took their own steps to protect their customers. Ruth Ann Bradley, who runs a yoga studio in Cooper City, near Fort Lauderdale, had been concerned about COVID-19 for days. She’d followed along on Facebook as yoga studios in California were closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began extra cleaning precautions in early March. She and her students wiped down their yoga mats and she steam-cleaned props between classes. She encouraged everyone to use hand sanitizer and wash their hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time, Bradley thought, before the virus swept across South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shelter in Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">By Friday, March 13, the lives of millions of Californians had been disrupted to fight the pandemic. But the virus’s spread still seemed to be accelerating, and San Mateo County’s Dr. Scott Morrow began to fear that the Bay Area might be “only one or two weeks behind Italy.” There, the surge in COVID-19 cases had overwhelmed the nation’s health care system — and its morgues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More needed to be done, Morrow believed. But as a local health officer battling a worldwide pandemic, he was “out of options,” as he wrote to county officials. Further measures would have to come from the state or federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Mayor London Breed said she too had concluded that more drastic action was needed: Her city of nearly 900,000 people would have to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt strongly that the sooner we get there, the faster we can hopefully get out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that weekend, Breed said she “reached out to the governor,” telling him that shutting down the city was “what we need to do.” Newsom “didn’t want me to go out there and do it on my own,” Breed said. “He wanted us to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so on Sunday, Breed’s health officer, Aragón, got on the phone with his counterparts\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody and Morrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announces a shelter-in-place order March 16. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area health officers had been collaborating on regional health crises since the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. They knew that state laws allow them to “take any action that you need to take to stop disease,” as Morrow put it. “They’re kind of brilliantly written. They kind of take politics out of the mix.” At one time or another, all had used those broad powers. But typically, the target was one person — a tuberculosis patient who needed to be quarantined, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the officers were contemplating an order quarantining an entire region — both the healthy and the sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like COVID-19 itself, their discussion moved rapidly. Only two days before, when Cody had banned large gatherings in Silicon Valley, the order had struck her as “so monumental and so difficult and having such profound impact,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never did I imagine that 48 hours later, I would have come as far as thinking that we actually needed to completely shut things down and shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow called the process “otherworldly, literally otherworldly. … It did not seem in the realms of this world.” But somehow, by that evening, they had crafted the unprecedented shelter-in-place order. Health officers from four other counties signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Mayor London Breed, on the county health officers\"]'They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong. The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s striking how absent state officials were from the deliberations. Morrow said none of the health officials alerted Gov. Gavin Newsom or other elected officials and their input was not sought. Cody said she couldn’t remember distinctly, but thought that somebody must have at least looped in the governor via the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Breed recalled telling the governor of her plan to lock down San Francisco; by her account, he preferred joint action by local officials. The governor’s office declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers of six counties \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806988/sheltering-in-place-what-you-need-to-know\">announced shelter in place\u003c/a> that Monday, March 16, at a joint news conference in the city of Santa Clara. Breed announced San Francisco’s closure herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong,” Breed said of the county health officers. “The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions may not have been coordinated with the governor, but they appear to have\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>sent a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Newsom appeared deeply worried about COVID-19. He wrote a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.18.20-Letter-USNS-Mercy-Hospital-Ship.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter to Trump\u003c/a>, saying the state projected that 25.5 million Californians could become infected with the virus over the next eight weeks — a startlingly high figure that implied hundreds of thousands might die. Newsom’s aides later walked back the number, calling it a worst-case scenario that didn’t factor in efforts to fight the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, California mayors —including Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles and Sam Liccardo of San Jose — were urgently lobbying the governor for a statewide shelter-in-place order. “If we didn’t have a uniform set of rules, then we would all just have our communities getting reinfected,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The normally choked 110 Freeway heading into downtown Los Angeles on March 20, the day after California Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide stay-at-home order. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On March 19, two days after the Bay Area shutdown orders went into effect, Newsom extended them to the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N-33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entire state\u003c/a>. Effective immediately, nearly 40 million residents were ordered to stay at home except when conducting essential business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>19\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>confirmed deaths, was the first state to take this drastic measure. Without the ability to test and trace, it was arguably the only effective means of checking the spread of the pandemic. Over the next four days,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>eight other states shut down. Florida held off 15 more days, until April 3, when it became the 37th state to mandate shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said he was taking his lead from the White House: “It makes sense to make this move now. I did consult with folks in the White House about it. I did talk to the president about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump had long insisted that the nation would be \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/trump-easter-economy-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">back to normal by Easter\u003c/a>; by the end of March, he finally conceded\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>that was “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just an aspiration\u003c/a>” after extending federal COVID-19 guidelines, which encouraged older people and those who feel sick to stay home, for another 30 days. DeSantis called that decision a “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">national pause button\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With contradictory signals coming from Washington, all eyes were on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco announced its shelter-in-place order, Breed recalls telling several mayors that they should shut down their cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, people probably thought I was overreacting just a little bit,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City of Miami Mayor Francis Suarez was one of the mayors who immediately\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>got on the phone with Breed in mid-March. The two are close, and Suarez took her advice seriously. He wanted to issue a shelter-in-place order in Miami, but the path forward was less clear than in the Bay Area, where the health officers enjoy extraordinary autonomy. Miami’s city attorney didn’t think Suarez or the city manager had the legal power to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to put a lot of internal pressure on our city attorney with our commissioners to get her to agree to it,” Suarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fort Lauderdale, 30 miles north of Miami, City Manager Chris Lagerbloom also was in touch with his counterparts in California. They had been grappling with the virus for longer. Lagerbloom asked them: \"What do you wish you knew at our stage in the game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer was a resounding, ‘Don’t\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>wait for it to get worse before you decide to take action,’” he said. “It was one of those times where that sank in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis was not yet ready to hit pause\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">. \u003c/strong>He insisted on going forward with the state’s March 17 presidential primary. “We’re definitely voting. They voted during the Civil War,” DeSantis said at the time. Canceling it, he said, “would have really sent a signal about panic. And I don’t think that’s the signal that you want to send.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although he recommended postponing or\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/mass-gatherings-in-florida-should-be-postponed-to-stop-coronavirus-spread-desantis-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> canceling mass gatherings\u003c/a>, he didn’t issue orders to ban them outright. By the second weekend of March, business and political leaders began to shut down South Florida. Miami-Dade County officials canceled the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/west-miami-dade/article241125471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual Youth Fair\u003c/a> hours before it was scheduled to open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11818312\" label=\"Where to Find Free Testing\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/HaywardCoronavirusTesting-1020x664.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the Firestone Grand Prix in southwest Florida postponed the race. Disney shut down its parks. At Magic Kingdom, Mickey Mouse and a menagerie of other Disney characters waved at the crowds one last time before the park shut its massive gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts, following California, began shutting down. “We started paying attention to it when [COVID-19] impacted the West Coast in particular,” said Broward County\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Superintendent Robert Runcie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runcie and his deputies met regularly to go over the district’s COVID-19 preparedness plan starting in February. Beyond protecting his staff and students, Runcie realized that he would need to coordinate any school closures with other South Florida superintendents. What happened in his district would inevitably affect neighboring ones, because many Broward County residents worked at Miami-Dade schools and some Broward school employees lived in Palm Beach County. The three superintendents began to confer, Runcie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all connected,” Runcie said. “So you make a decision in one district, it’s going to have ramifications in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, March 13, all three districts announced they would close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the beach, spring break\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>raged on through the weekend — until the Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale mayors took the extraordinary step on Sunday afternoon of announcing that their beaches would close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida is known to shut down beaches for one reason: a hurricane. Daniel Stermer, mayor of Weston and then-president of the Broward League of Cities, said he was blindsided by Fort Lauderdale’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rest of us sort of went, ‘What did you just do? You didn’t discuss that with us,’” Stermer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale beaches emptied out, nearby coastal mayors scrambled to impose their own closures as spring breakers searched for new places to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spring breakers party on Pompano Beach, Fla., on March 17. \u003ccite>(Julio Cortez/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Key Biscayne, Mayor Michael Davey quickly noticed a rush on the grocery stores in his beach town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re obviously going to the beach,” he said. “They’re in bathing suits and they’re getting their beer and they’re getting their hot dogs and they’re getting all their stuff and they’re buying the coolers. And I’m saying, ‘Well, this isn’t good.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key Biscayne soon closed its beaches. So did Hollywood, where Mayor Josh Levy anticipated that spring breakers would descend on his city. “We needed to take decisive and immediate action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, the governor continued his hands-off approach. He banned gatherings larger than 10 people at beaches, but left much of the rest up to local governments. A DeSantis spokesman told Reveal that beaches weren’t closed statewide “because a one-size-fits-all approach was not the right model for Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a mother just walking down the beach with her daughter, I think that can be done safely,” DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/03/24/desantis-cracking-down-travelers-hotspots-will-require-them-self-quarantine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>. “That is much different than doing a Jell-O shot off somebody’s stomach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Dan Gelber, Miami Beach’s mayor, said beaches should have closed sooner. The COVID-19 numbers may have been low, but who knew what that meant without widespread testing. The virus had likely already spread undetected. Miami Beach was the first to close its beach, he said, “and still, we were very late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Cascade of Orders\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After the beach closures came a wave of aggressive local action, as cities and towns across South Florida issued stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In Broward, officials from the county’s 31 municipalities scrambled to coordinate their orders, said Chris Lagerbloom, the Fort Lauderdale city manager. He was among three city managers who joined forces to draft a list of recommendations and deliver them to the rest of the cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">Local leaders\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>went their own way on some issues. Some instituted their own curfews. Others classified active construction projects as essential businesses. But all ultimately came out with stay-at-home orders of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">“It was really neat to watch,” Lagerbloom said, “because I didn’t think it was possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After several cities had issued their orders, Miami-Dade and Broward counties \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article241535856.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told residents to stay home\u003c/a> March 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows a deserted stretch of sand in Miami Beach, Fla., on March 20. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents had already taken action. At her Cooper City\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>yoga studio\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">,\u003c/strong> in Broward County, Ruth Ann Bradley said she felt exhausted from disinfecting her entire studio after each class. She worried about the safety of her students. Her larger classes could accommodate up to 20 at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just kind of saw the writing on the wall,” Bradley said. “I can’t go through another week of all this cleaning if I’m basically going to be closing anyway. And it just seemed like the right thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, a week before Broward County issued its order closing nonessential businesses, she sent a notice to her students: The studio would close,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and classes would be offered via Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/05/10/how-florida-slowed-coronavirus-everyone-stayed-home-before-they-were-told-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tampa Bay Times analysis\u003c/a> of cellphone tracking data found that Bradley was not alone: In every county in the state, people had begun staying home well before county and state orders were issued. By the time the governor finally ordered residents to stay home, nearly half of the state’s counties had already seen a 50% decline in activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who had been loath to intervene early on, issued a series of orders in March, ordering international travelers to self-quarantine, discouraging mass gatherings and barring visitors from nursing homes. He also ordered 1 million doses of hydroxychloroquine following Trump’s praise of the anti-malaria drug as a treatment for COVID-19. (\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/drug-promoted-by-trump-as-coronavirus-game-changer-increasingly-linked-to-deaths/2020/05/15/85d024fe-96bd-11ea-9f5e-56d8239bf9ad_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> later established that it was dangerous for COVID-19 patients.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wfla.com/community/health/coronavirus/florida-lawmakers-sign-letter-urging-desantis-to-issue-statewide-stay-at-home-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuffed calls\u003c/a> for a statewide stay-at-home order, arguing that a uniform approach wouldn’t be appropriate, given that some counties had very few cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply cannot lock down our society indefinitely with no end in sight,” he \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlIR7JMoaj8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> at a March 23 press conference. “And when people say that we may do this for seven to nine months, I can tell you that is not sustainable. That is not something that this society would accept.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825225\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a March 30 news conference in a parking lot being used as a COVID-19 testing center. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When his stay-at-home order landed April 1, the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-91-compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 34-page executive order\u003c/a> listed religious services as essential and thus exempt from the shutdown. Two Broward County mayors, Weston’s Daniel Stermer and city of Sunrise Mayor Michael Ryan, fired off emails to DeSantis’ office asking the governor to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based upon proven science, these large gatherings are jeopardizing the health, safety and welfare,” Ryan wrote. “As a result, we feel very strongly not only can we restrict access, we have an obligation to do so based upon the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Jacquot, the governor’s general counsel, responded that DeSantis’ order allowed cities to restrict churches if they chose. Ryan wasn’t satisfied. The order, he wrote, “explicitly invalidates our local orders. We are going to run into conflict with those who do not want to comply.” A subsequent email exchange indicates that Stermer’s city attorney would call Jacquot to talk things through.\u003cbr>\nBy the time the state order went into effect, Florida’s reported coronavirus death toll had topped 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Flattening the Curve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">At first, it was not at all clear whether Californians would comply with Gov. Gavin Newsom’s pathbreaking shelter-in-place order. The weekend after it went into effect, Venice Beach in Los Angeles was mobbed, and the governor was irked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those young people are still out there on the beaches thinking it’s time to party,” Newsom said at a news conference. “It’s time to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally secluded beaches of San Mateo County, south of San Francisco, “looked like Waikiki,” complained Dr. Scott Morrow, the county health officer. And he had noticed other signs of noncompliance\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> —\u003c/strong> large picnics and outdoor sports. Morrow called out\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the scofflaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody\"]'What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites. We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide you want to do your own thing and follow your own rules, you disrespect us all,” he wrote in an open letter. “You spit in our face, and you will contribute to the death toll that will follow.”\u003cbr>\nAs days passed, compliance improved. The experts’ worst fears — that, like Italy, California’s hospitals would be overwhelmed with gravely ill patients — had been staved off, for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites,” said Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody, referring to temporary facilities that could house patients once Bay Area hospitals were full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming,” she\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>said. “We had our mass fatality plans reviewed and revised. And then, of course, our shelter in place helped to really slow things down. And our hospitals never saw that surge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s statewide shutdown order appears to have gotten traction: In the weeks that followed, California suffered far less from the pandemic than other states, with both case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rates and death rates below the national average, despite the state having been host to the first confirmed case of community transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing data also suggests the profound impact of those early Bay Area shelter-in-place orders: The Bay Area’s curve flattened quickly and dramatically after the shutdown and continued to plateau even as the number of COVID-19 cases in the rest of the state rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-1020x787.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same pattern was visible to a lesser extent in Florida, where officials in Miami-Dade and Broward counties mobilized quickly while Gov. Ron\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>DeSantis embraced a laissez-faire approach. Just as in California, their decisions made a difference. By late\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>April, confirmed cases in those counties began to drop as other Florida counties reported an increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825230\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-160x121.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-1020x770.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the limited testing data makes it difficult to draw conclusions, the flattened\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>curves in Florida and California “emphasize the point that early action makes a difference,” said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Dr.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/em>In both states, we know that local leaders acted before state leaders did,” she said. “To some degree, we’re seeing that reflected in the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 20, the day Florida’s task force for reopening \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2020/04/20/governors-task-force-to-reopen-florida-will-make-recommendations-this-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first convened\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>California was\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>reporting 86\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>cases per 100,000 residents, and Florida, 126. New York, the nation’s epicenter, had 1,293.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida is not doing great,” Dr. John Swartzberg, the California epidemiologist, said in early May, before Florida began to reopen, \u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/strong>but it’s doing a lot better than I thought it would be given their really poor judgment, and a governor who doesn’t understand public health\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut we may never know the full cost of DeSantis’ delays. Cellphone tracking data showed that Fort Lauderdale spring breakers \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dispersed\u003c/a> to locales across the country, including to New York City, which would soon be overwhelmed. Nor can we know just how far the nation might have plunged into the COVID-19 abyss if California leaders had failed to take bold actions early on, clearing the way for elected officials elsewhere to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida\"]'The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward. To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really critical to set a standard,” Levine said, referring to California. “Clearly, somebody had to go first. That always helps others make decisions a little more readily.” And California’s decision, she points out, built on Wuhan’s, where officials instituted a massive shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, officials in both states faced dilemmas triggered by the lack of federal leadership — and the inability to conduct widespread testing. The testing shortage not only hampered early decision-making, but it also robbed local health officials of traditional tools such as testing and contact tracing and forced them to consider drastic, unprecedented measures such as shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward,” Levine said. “To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standardization would hinge on a strong testing infrastructure that, five months into the U.S. pandemic, is still not in place. Without it, states are still largely\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>in the dark as they take steps to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, resistant to aggressive testing from the start, has yet to embrace it as a linchpin of restarting the economy. Just three weeks after the U.S. became the global epicenter of the pandemic, the Trump administration released its \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/4/16/21224405/opening-up-america-again-trump-coronavirus-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for reopening\u003c/a>, called “Opening Up America Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"coronavirus\" label=\"related coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That next week in Florida, DeSantis launched his\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Re-Open Florida Task Force. None of the executive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>committee members are medical doctors or epidemiologists. Instead, it’s packed with leaders of the state’s largest corporations. Thanks to their guidance, South Florida has begun to loosen restrictions, allowing businesses to open at a reduced capacity and reopening the beaches that are the engine of Florida’s tourism industry. Disney World plans to reopen next month. Schools \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2020/06/11/gov-ron-desantis-announces-plan-for-reopening-florida-schools/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_content=%40TB_Tmes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may reopen\u003c/a> in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As restrictions unravel, COVID-19 numbers have already begun to surge in Florida. On Tuesday, the state recorded its highest number of reported cases in a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine worries about the public abandoning safety measures as they emerge from strict shelter-in-place orders from the early days of the pandemic. “A lot of people think we did what we needed to do, and now we just need to go back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the wrong message, unfortunately,” Levine said. “I think we may pay the price as we watch cases go up here in Florida and around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__color_26115_custom_color_3\">\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">This story was edited by Esther Kaplan, Soo Oh, Jen Chien and Matt Thompson\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">and copy edited by Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">Editors Terence Shepherd and Alicia Zuckerman from WLRN and Julia B. Chan and Ethan Toven-Lindsey from KQED contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "With a leadership vacuum in Washington, the Bay Area’s shelter-in-place orders led the nation’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.",
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"description": "With a leadership vacuum in Washington, the Bay Area’s shelter-in-place orders led the nation’s response to the coronavirus pandemic.",
"title": "How a National Health Crisis Fell on the Backs of Local Leaders | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/lance-williams/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lance Williams\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/laura-morel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Laura C. Morel\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/mlagos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marisa Lagos\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/people/caitie-switalski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitie Switalski\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/melissa-lewis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Melissa Lewis\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://revealnews.org/author/emily-harris/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Emily Harris",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported in collaboration with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED\u003c/a> in San Francisco and \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wlrn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WLRN Public Media\u003c/a> of South Florida.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n Friday, March 13, President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence stood in the White House Rose Garden to \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-conference-3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declare\u003c/a> COVID-19 a national emergency. But the risk of the disease, Pence told the nation, remained low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want everybody taking this test; it’s totally unnecessary,” Trump assured Americans. “This will pass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,000 miles south of Washington, as if heeding their call, thousands of spring breakers had converged on Miami Beach. They played tug of war on the sand and snapped selfies by the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I get corona, I get corona,” one tourist from Ohio \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://news.yahoo.com/aint-serious-miami-spring-breakers-074801407.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told reporters\u003c/a>. “At the end of the day, I’m not gonna let it stop me from partying.” For them, the specter of the COVID-19 pandemic seemed very far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Trump, Florida’s Republican governor, Ron DeSantis, had downplayed the threat of COVID-19. Just a few days earlier, when Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s leading expert on the pandemic, had said Florida was experiencing community spread of the virus, DeSantis had retorted that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/11/feds-say-florida-has-community-spread-of-coronavirus-florida-disagrees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">it wasn’t true\u003c/a>. The governor also had \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/19/politics/florida-coronavirus-beaches/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">balked at closing the state’s beaches\u003c/a> to check the virus’ spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That weekend after Trump’s address, Miami Beach Mayor Dan Gelber took a stroll on Ocean Drive, a thoroughfare lined with palm trees and historic Art Deco buildings. He came to a sudden realization that not one person out of the thousands he saw was practicing social distancing. Without widespread testing, he thought, the virus could be silently spreading through his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit Gelber: He had to close the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/GettyImages-1213092455-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People eat at a restaurant along Ocean Drive on March 17, 2020 in Miami Beach, Florida. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825234\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825234\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St.-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/SF-California-St..jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Street in San Francisco’s Financial District is free of cars and pedestrians March 17. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At that point, I realized that I was not going to rely on the federal government to tell us what to do,” he said. “I obviously couldn’t rely on the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, Dr. Scott Morrow was experiencing his own day of dread. The veteran public health officer for San Mateo County, on California’s San Francisco Peninsula, Morrow had no proof that the virus was spreading. Medical testing supplies were maddeningly impossible to come by. But he had become convinced that the potentially deadly virus, which had first been noted in the area only six weeks before, was “spreading like wildfire under our noses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow feared that the entire San Francisco Bay Area, a region of more than 7 million people, would soon be “following Italy into the abyss,” with an exponential growth curve of infection and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Dr.-Scott-Morrow.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Mateo County Health Officer Dr. Scott Morrow speaks during a March 16 press conference by public health directors in six San Francisco Bay Area counties. \u003ccite>(Dai Sugano/MediaNews Group/The Mercury News/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worse, Morrow was running out of ideas for checking the contagion. Already, he had banned large public gatherings. The county’s schools were shutting down. Deeply frustrated, he recalled sending an email to county officials, warning them, “This is all I can do – I’m out of options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a rainy Sunday morning two days later, Morrow was awoken by a text message: Would he jump on a call with Dr. Tomás Aragón, the public health officer in San Francisco, and Dr. Sara Cody, the health officer of Santa Clara County in the hard-hit Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a day of calls that soon included county counsel, the officers converged on a radical consensus — to use their broad powers under California public health law in a way that had never been tried in the United States. To stop the spread of the disease, they would order the public to stay in their homes and shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what needed to be done,” Morrow said. Bay Area health officers announced vast shutdown orders the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow recalls feeling “scared shitless.” Would the public comply with shelter in place? And even if they did, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week and a half later, on March 26, the U.S. became the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text wp-exclude-emoji\">Blunting the Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At a congressional hearing in mid-May, a recently ousted federal health official pulled back the curtain on the colossal missteps that had undercut the federal response to the pandemic. Rick Bright had filed a whistleblower complaint charging that \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/rick-bright-trump-hydroxychloroquine-coronavirus.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he was removed\u003c/a> from his post as the deputy assistant secretary for preparedness and response at the Department of Health and Human Services when he urged the vetting of hydroxychloroquine, the anti-malaria drug Trump touted as a cure for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bright testified that he and several colleagues had warned the White House as early as January that the country was unprepared for a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We knew going into this pandemic that critical medical equipment would be in short supply,” he told \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/14/politics/coronavirus-whistleblower-testimony/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Congress on May 14\u003c/a>. “I was met with indifference, saying they were either too busy, they didn’t have a plan, they didn’t know who was responsible for procuring those.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government not only had failed to secure critical supplies, such as ventilator masks and testing swabs, he said, but had failed to provide clear guidance to the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our population is being paralyzed by fear,” he said, “stemming from a lack of a coordinated response and a dearth of accurate, clear communication about the path forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825221\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825221\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Bright.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Bright, a former deputy assistant secretary at the Department of Health and Human Services, testifies before a House subcommittee May 14. \u003ccite>(Shawn Thew/Pool via Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The testing shortages, in particular, hampered public health officials as they tried to confront the looming threat, said Dr. John Swartzberg, an epidemiologist with the joint medical program of the University of California, Berkeley\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and UC San Francisco. For epidemiologists, tests are “our eyes” in a pandemic, Swartzberg said, and the rollout was so badly botched that decision-makers were left in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, testing was delayed because the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>chose to create its own test rather than partner with private labs. When the new CDC tests were finally ready, the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/04/04/coronavirus-government-dysfunction/?arc404=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agency failed\u003c/a> to ramp up production – and the tests themselves had technical defects. State labs had to send their samples to CDC headquarters in Atlanta, causing a long backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"States can do their own testing,” Trump would \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/remarks-president-trump-vice-president-pence-members-coronavirus-task-force-press-briefing-21/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later say\u003c/a>. “We’re the federal government. We’re not supposed to stand on street corners doing testing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Response to the pandemic in the global epicenter would be left to states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest states to be hit by the pandemic would face the toughest tests, forced to consider unprecedented decisions. Among the first states with confirmed cases — and confirmed deaths — were California and Florida, whose governors’ wildly different leadership styles influenced the states’ responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, ultimately followed the lead of local health officers and became the first in the nation to extend shelter-in-place orders to the entire state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, issued only vague recommendations until late in the game, leaving\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local governments in charge of crucial decisions. He refused to close all of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the state’s beaches and delayed issuing a statewide stay-at-home order for weeks, until 36 states had already done so and Florida had surpassed 100 deaths. In a statement to Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, DeSantis spokesperson\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody McCloud said “the Governor’s Office worked with these mayors to ensure the needs of their counties were being met” as they made decisions early on in the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere was the federal government’s scattershot response to the pandemic — and the contrast between the two governors — on more vivid display than in the distinct fates of cruise ship outbreaks that ended up in California and Florida ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-bound liner, the 3,500-passenger Grand Princess, had one COVID-19 \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/coronavirus-princess-cruise-san-francisco-grand-placer-county-death/5988195/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">death\u003c/a> and nearly two dozen other cases by the time it approached San Francisco Bay in early March. Trump had made clear that he wasn’t keen on the ship coming ashore, concerned it would inflate the nation’s COVID-19 caseload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825233\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-800x512.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise-1020x652.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Princess-Cruise.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise heads to the Port of Oakland, Calif., on March 9. At least 21 people aboard had tested positive for COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like the numbers being where they are,” \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2020/mar/07/i-like-the-numbers-being-where-they-are-trump-video\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">he said\u003c/a> March 6. “I don’t need to have the numbers double because of one ship that wasn’t our fault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom feared that if the ship docked in San Francisco, infection might sweep through the city. After prolonged consultations with the CDC, Pence’s coronavirus task force and other federal health officials, Newsom announced a plan: The Grand Princess would dock in Oakland, and U.S. passengers\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>would be put into quarantine at a cluster of military bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida’s cruise ship crisis involved 1,200 passengers on two Holland America liners, the Zaandam and the Rotterdam. Some\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article241559956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 150 passengers\u003c/a> had developed flu-like symptoms by the time Port Everglades became the ships’ last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, DeSantis\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>left decision-making in the hands of a unified command of eight local and federal agencies. That team, as in California, included the CDC. But the outcome could not have been more different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 2, when the ships were allowed to dock, 13 seriously ill passengers and one crew member were taken to hospitals. Without being tested or quarantined, the other passengers headed for the airport, where they boarded chartered flights to such major cities as Atlanta, Toronto, London — and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The distinct pandemic responses in California and Florida were also shaped by the two states’ vastly different health infrastructures. While in California, counties have independent and highly autonomous health officers, Florida has a more centralized health department with branch offices in each county. The department largely \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-51.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takes orders\u003c/a> from the governor. If the state’s leadership is slow, so is the department’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Department of Health officials declined an interview to discuss their pandemic response, noting in a statement only that their approach has been “strategic and methodical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal, in partnership with KQED in San Francisco and WLRN Public Media of South Florida, interviewed dozens of elected officials, public health officers, mayors, hospital directors and educators to provide an unprecedented look at how key decisions made by local officials ultimately saved lives as the Trump administration downplayed the threat of the virus in the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s governor had feared millions of coronavirus infections. Instead, the state’s case rate fell below the national average, and the death toll, according to information compiled by the CDC and the Institute for Health Metrics Evaluation at the University of Washington, was far lower than initially feared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida also skirted the early disaster that some experts had feared. By late March, Florida’s case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rate began to overtake California’s, but the state’s hospital system was never overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bold action by local officials appears to have blunted the force of the pandemic in those crucial early weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first case — and the nation’s third — was confirmed Jan. 25, when an Orange County man who had recently traveled to Wuhan, China, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://mailchi.mp/ochca/novelcoronavirus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was hospitalized\u003c/a>. But experts now believe that COVID-19 likely established itself weeks earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco’s Chinatown, began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan was building into a pandemic that would inevitably spread to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, in his \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/we-have-it-totally-under-control-a-timeline-of-president-donald-trumps-response-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first public comment\u003c/a> on the novel virus, had dismissed concerns, saying: “It’s one person coming in from China, and we have it under control. It’s going to be just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zhang said she was alarmed by word from an old medical school classmate that a volunteer Chinese medical team was flying three hours to Wuhan before the Jan. 25 start of the Lunar New Year, China’s biggest holiday. “When you deploy a team like that and you have to leave on Chinese New Year’s Eve,” Zhang recalled thinking, “something must be really serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-800x443.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-160x89.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-1020x565.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang-672x372.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/J.-Zhang.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jian Zhang, CEO of the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco, says that in late January, she began to sense that the viral outbreak in Wuhan, China, would inevitably spread to the West Coast. \u003ccite>(CBS SF Bay Area)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The outbreak was coming at a dangerous time. The Lunar New Year marks the largest human migration on earth, as hundreds of millions travel to visit family for the extended holiday. And Zhang knew there was direct air service between Wuhan and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m like, my God, it’s only 12 hours away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang decided to stock up on protective equipment for the hospital, including 2,000 ventilator\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>masks. But the masks\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>were back-ordered.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>She phoned the local official who represents Chinatown on the Board of Supervisors, Aaron Peskin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will be a nightmare of yours and mine if we have the outbreak in Chinatown,” she told him. Zhang and Peskin pulled together a news conference Feb. 1 to warn of the coronavirus threat and urge Chinatown residents to reduce their risk of infection. Wash your hands, they repeated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in Florida, a hospital just outside Fort Lauderdale was having its first brush with COVID-19. A woman visiting from a province near Wuhan showed up at a Memorial Healthcare System hospital with flu symptoms, sparking a flurry of\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>local coverage. She tested negative for COVID-19, but the incident was a wake-up call, prompting the hospital to dust off its pandemic preparedness plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My chief of infectious disease and my chief epidemiologist basically said that this will come,” said Chief Medical Officer Dr. Stanley Marks. “This will be a pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Eerie Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">For Dr. Sara Cody, health officer in California’s Santa Clara County, the weeks before COVID-19 were like driving in a dense fog. You knew there might be a cliff around the bend. But you couldn’t see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In January, she and her staff started reading up about “some unusual virus that was emerging in China,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the virus turned out to be, Cody thought it was headed her way: There’s a tremendous amount of routine air travel between Silicon Valley and Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I was thinking, you know, it’s likely we’re going to see this early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Feb. 3, Santa Clara County, home to San Jose, had confirmed two cases of COVID-19: Both patients had traveled to Wuhan. Cody declared a local public health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then,” she recalled, “we had this eerie February, where we had no more cases reported, no more cases detected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weeks passed, Cody made reassuring public statements about COVID-19, to the point that some local officials complained that she was downplaying the risk. At one meeting, on Feb. 19, she said, “We don’t have any evidence still to date that the coronavirus is circulating in our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825223\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825223\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CODY.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sara Cody, health Officer of California’s Santa Clara County, speaks during a Feb. 28 press conference about the county’s third confirmed case of COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Yichuan Cao/Sipa via AP Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But behind the scenes, she was scrambling to track the virus’s spread. A health officer’s playbook for containing a pandemic begins with aggressive testing. In the case of COVID-19, the supply of tests was grossly inadequate — and the tests themselves were unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout February, Cody said her staff was desperately trying to run the new CDC tests in local laboratories, but they couldn’t make them work. So every sample had to be sent to the CDC for testing, and “there was this huge, long process to get a specimen to the CDC and get it back,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so the month of February was just strange, because you had the sense that probably something might be going on, but we didn’t know what it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Feb. 27, Dr. Scott Morrow of neighboring San Mateo County, Cody’s longtime colleague, wrote an extraordinarily blunt \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.smchealth.org/health-officer-orders-and-statements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the county’s 700,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID-19 might become “a severe pandemic,” read the letter, posted on the county’s website. Everyone’s lives might be “significantly disrupted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticked off a series of orders that might become necessary: social distancing. A ban on gatherings. Closing schools. Rationing critical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a difficult message to share,” he wrote, “but it is important to recognize how difficult the times ahead may be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, February was an extraordinarily quiet month when it came to the emerging world pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first public rumblings about the virus came from the governor at a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article240695761.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Feb. 27 news conference\u003c/a>. DeSantis said there were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the state, then evaded questions from reporters about how many people had actually been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I’m allowed to go into the numbers,” he said, citing a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0381/Sections/0381.0031.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> state law\u003c/a> that protects medical information of people undergoing “epidemiological investigations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/health-care/article242844471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal experts\u003c/a> and lawmakers were quick to point out that the law allowed the state to share aggregate numbers during a public health crisis. “It was a complete firewall of information,” said state Sen. Jose Javier Rodriguez, a Miami Democrat. “They say they can’t, when in reality they won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Rodriguez was in Tallahassee for the legislative session, he asked for a meeting with the state Department of Health to discuss COVID-19 testing and preparedness. Medical experts were already encouraging elbow bumps in lieu of handshakes to prevent infection. So he was stunned when the health officials arrived at his office and one tried to shake his hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really did feel like Chicken Little,” Rodriguez said. “This is a real thing. They’re not telling us if it’s here or if it’s coming. And the first person at the first meeting I’m having about this is trying to shake my hand. And I was like, what’s going on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, on March 1, DeSantis confirmed the state’s first two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Gov. Gavin Newsom was the telegenic face of California’s fight against the pandemic. His earnest, information-packed \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press conferences\u003c/a>, some lasting as long as an hour, were live-streamed and often dominated local evening news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians liked what they saw: By April, Newsom’s approval rating had increased by an astonishing 41 points, to 83%, FiveThirtyEight \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/most-americans-like-how-their-governor-is-handling-the-coronavirus-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. After he made an appearance on Rachel Maddow’s MSNBC show, the hashtag #PresidentNewsom briefly trended \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://account.sacbee.com/paywall/stop?resume=241860561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were missteps: Newsom was slow to acknowledge problems with COVID-19 testing — at one point, California had a backlog of 60,000 tests, reportedly the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/california-coronavirus-tests-backlog-unprocessed-2020-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> worst in the country\u003c/a> — and for a time, like Trump, he insisted, despite all evidence, that testing was readily available. (Newsom later acknowledged a problem — “I own that,” he said — and\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/coronavirus/2020/04/california-coronavirus-test-backlog-delays-newsom-announces-ramp-up/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> promised to improve\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the governor took action only after local officials had cleared the way. That first became apparent in connection with one of his earliest attempts to check the virus — the March 11 ban on large gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825257\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/AP_20077628870080-resized.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks to reporters March 12 about the state’s response to the pandemic. \u003ccite>(Rich Pedroncelli/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As COVID-19 gathered steam in the early days of March, health officers in the Bay Area started rolling out strategies to disrupt its spread. At first, this amounted only to strongly worded guidance.\u003cbr>\nIn a March 5 letter, Dr. Scott Morrow urged San Mateo County residents to practice social distancing and cancel nonessential gatherings. “This is not business as usual,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, San Francisco Mayor London Breed issued her own recommendations \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/san-francisco-department-public-health-announces-aggressive-recommendations-reduce-spread\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">discouraging large gatherings\u003c/a>. In Santa Clara County, Dr. Sara Cody did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, the giants of the tech industry responded in force, asking tens of thousands of employees to\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8082517/Microsoft-Facebook-embrace-home-working-amid-coronavirus-crisis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> work from home\u003c/a>. Among them were such powerhouses as Facebook, Google, Apple, Twitter, Salesforce and LinkedIn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the health officers learned, not every business was willing to voluntarily follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose’s NHL team, the Sharks, and San Francisco’s NBA team, the Golden State Warriors, both continued to play games — potentially allowing the virus to spread among their thousands of fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Playing those games was “the worst thing you could do in the face of the pandemic,” said Dr. John Swartzberg, the UC epidemiologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers countered by issuing orders banning large gatherings altogether, shutting the sports teams down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was two days after Santa Clara announced its ban that Newsom followed suit by \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/03/11/california-public-health-experts-mass-gatherings-should-be-postponed-or-canceled-statewide-to-slow-the-spread-of-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issuing one statewide\u003c/a>. That became the pattern: Local officials would issue tough orders, and the governor would expand on what they did. On the difficult matter\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>of closing public schools, for example, educators said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the governor flatly refused to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts knew that public schools were a potential breeding ground for the virus. One infected child could pass on the virus to dozens of classmates, teachers and family members. Closing schools was an obvious way to limit viral transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But officials also recognized that school closings would send a ripple of pain through every community. Working families would have to arrange child care or give up jobs. Grandparents — among the most vulnerable to serious illness from COVID-19 — would wind up taking care of kids. The logistics of reaching families in need of school meal programs would be formidable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, the downside of closing schools outweighed the benefits, as Cody put it. But early in March, starting with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/03/07/family-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-elk-grove-district-closes-schools-next-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elk Grove\u003c/a> in suburban Sacramento, individual districts in California began to close schools\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>when students or parents were diagnosed with COVID-19. In San Francisco, Superintendent Vincent Matthews shut down 2,900-student Lowell High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, March 9, the governor met with school superintendents in the State Capitol. Matthews drove\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the 90 miles\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>to Sacramento, he recalled, “to find out whether he was going to close schools or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom wouldn’t do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was emphatic about that,” Matthews said, “that he was not going to close schools. He just said it was a local decision and he was going to let local districts make the call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, Matthews decided to act swiftly. He consulted the county health officer, Dr. Tomás Aragón, and held an emergency meeting of the school board. On Thursday, March 12, he announced that\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about/news/current-news/schools-will-close-students-3-weeks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> all schools in his district would close\u003c/a>. “We just determined that, you know, we needed to slow things down,” Matthews said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day, \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://edsource.org/2020/california-k-12-schools-closed-due-to-the-coronavirus/624984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wave\u003c/a> of other districts — including Los Angeles, with more than 700,000 students — followed San Francisco and shut down schools. Only then did the governor issue an \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.13.20-EO-N-26-20-Schools.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">order\u003c/a> guaranteeing that districts that closed because of the pandemic would still receive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>state funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As life in California was grinding to a halt, Florida’s social and political life mostly went on undisturbed. In early March, state lawmakers still greeted each other with \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/do-florida-lawmakers-take-coronavirus-seriously-ask-when-they-stop-hugging/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bear hugs\u003c/a> in the State Capitol. Tourists still crowded Disney World and Universal Studios. The \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article240915331.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Winter Party Festival\u003c/a>, an annual LGBTQ event in Miami Beach, drew thousands of partygoers, some of whom \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article242034896.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">later died\u003c/a> of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But slowly, the first signs of a disturbance to Florida life emerged. Miami officials postponed the electronic dance music event Ultra Music Festival, despite \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/downtown-miami/article240878956.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protests\u003c/a> by ticket holders on social media. As\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Florida’s\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>presidential primary neared, older poll workers concerned about getting exposed to the virus started to drop out, local elections officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We began receiving calls from people saying, ‘I’m not going to show up,’” said Peter Antonacci, Broward County’s elections supervisor. “‘I’m afraid of the virus.’ So we knew then that we had an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of guidance from federal and state officials, some local businesses took their own steps to protect their customers. Ruth Ann Bradley, who runs a yoga studio in Cooper City, near Fort Lauderdale, had been concerned about COVID-19 for days. She’d followed along on Facebook as yoga studios in California were closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She began extra cleaning precautions in early March. She and her students wiped down their yoga mats and she steam-cleaned props between classes. She encouraged everyone to use hand sanitizer and wash their hands frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only a matter of time, Bradley thought, before the virus swept across South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Shelter in Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">By Friday, March 13, the lives of millions of Californians had been disrupted to fight the pandemic. But the virus’s spread still seemed to be accelerating, and San Mateo County’s Dr. Scott Morrow began to fear that the Bay Area might be “only one or two weeks behind Italy.” There, the surge in COVID-19 cases had overwhelmed the nation’s health care system — and its morgues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More needed to be done, Morrow believed. But as a local health officer battling a worldwide pandemic, he was “out of options,” as he wrote to county officials. Further measures would have to come from the state or federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Mayor London Breed said she too had concluded that more drastic action was needed: Her city of nearly 900,000 people would have to shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt strongly that the sooner we get there, the faster we can hopefully get out of there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over that weekend, Breed said she “reached out to the governor,” telling him that shutting down the city was “what we need to do.” Newsom “didn’t want me to go out there and do it on my own,” Breed said. “He wanted us to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so on Sunday, Breed’s health officer, Aragón, got on the phone with his counterparts\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Cody and Morrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825220\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825220\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Breed.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed announces a shelter-in-place order March 16. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area health officers had been collaborating on regional health crises since the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s. They knew that state laws allow them to “take any action that you need to take to stop disease,” as Morrow put it. “They’re kind of brilliantly written. They kind of take politics out of the mix.” At one time or another, all had used those broad powers. But typically, the target was one person — a tuberculosis patient who needed to be quarantined, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the officers were contemplating an order quarantining an entire region — both the healthy and the sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like COVID-19 itself, their discussion moved rapidly. Only two days before, when Cody had banned large gatherings in Silicon Valley, the order had struck her as “so monumental and so difficult and having such profound impact,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never did I imagine that 48 hours later, I would have come as far as thinking that we actually needed to completely shut things down and shelter in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morrow called the process “otherworldly, literally otherworldly. … It did not seem in the realms of this world.” But somehow, by that evening, they had crafted the unprecedented shelter-in-place order. Health officers from four other counties signed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s striking how absent state officials were from the deliberations. Morrow said none of the health officials alerted Gov. Gavin Newsom or other elected officials and their input was not sought. Cody said she couldn’t remember distinctly, but thought that somebody must have at least looped in the governor via the state health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only Breed recalled telling the governor of her plan to lock down San Francisco; by her account, he preferred joint action by local officials. The governor’s office declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health officers of six counties \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11806988/sheltering-in-place-what-you-need-to-know\">announced shelter in place\u003c/a> that Monday, March 16, at a joint news conference in the city of Santa Clara. Breed announced San Francisco’s closure herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They said they don’t want to put politics in it, but that’s wrong,” Breed said of the county health officers. “The fact is they put forward directives and then … we have to go out there and defend their orders and explain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their actions may not have been coordinated with the governor, but they appear to have\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>sent a message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days later, Newsom appeared deeply worried about COVID-19. He wrote a\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.18.20-Letter-USNS-Mercy-Hospital-Ship.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> letter to Trump\u003c/a>, saying the state projected that 25.5 million Californians could become infected with the virus over the next eight weeks — a startlingly high figure that implied hundreds of thousands might die. Newsom’s aides later walked back the number, calling it a worst-case scenario that didn’t factor in efforts to fight the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, California mayors —including Eric Garcetti of Los Angeles and Sam Liccardo of San Jose — were urgently lobbying the governor for a statewide shelter-in-place order. “If we didn’t have a uniform set of rules, then we would all just have our communities getting reinfected,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Freeway.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The normally choked 110 Freeway heading into downtown Los Angeles on March 20, the day after California Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide stay-at-home order. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On March 19, two days after the Bay Area shutdown orders went into effect, Newsom extended them to the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N-33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">entire state\u003c/a>. Effective immediately, nearly 40 million residents were ordered to stay at home except when conducting essential business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, with\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>19\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>confirmed deaths, was the first state to take this drastic measure. Without the ability to test and trace, it was arguably the only effective means of checking the spread of the pandemic. Over the next four days,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>eight other states shut down. Florida held off 15 more days, until April 3, when it became the 37th state to mandate shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis said he was taking his lead from the White House: “It makes sense to make this move now. I did consult with folks in the White House about it. I did talk to the president about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump had long insisted that the nation would be \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/24/politics/trump-easter-economy-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">back to normal by Easter\u003c/a>; by the end of March, he finally conceded\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>that was “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85678\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just an aspiration\u003c/a>” after extending federal COVID-19 guidelines, which encouraged older people and those who feel sick to stay home, for another 30 days. DeSantis called that decision a “\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-stay-at-home-order.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">national pause button\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With contradictory signals coming from Washington, all eyes were on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Francisco announced its shelter-in-place order, Breed recalls telling several mayors that they should shut down their cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time, people probably thought I was overreacting just a little bit,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City of Miami Mayor Francis Suarez was one of the mayors who immediately\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>got on the phone with Breed in mid-March. The two are close, and Suarez took her advice seriously. He wanted to issue a shelter-in-place order in Miami, but the path forward was less clear than in the Bay Area, where the health officers enjoy extraordinary autonomy. Miami’s city attorney didn’t think Suarez or the city manager had the legal power to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to put a lot of internal pressure on our city attorney with our commissioners to get her to agree to it,” Suarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fort Lauderdale, 30 miles north of Miami, City Manager Chris Lagerbloom also was in touch with his counterparts in California. They had been grappling with the virus for longer. Lagerbloom asked them: \"What do you wish you knew at our stage in the game?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer was a resounding, ‘Don’t\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>wait for it to get worse before you decide to take action,’” he said. “It was one of those times where that sank in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis was not yet ready to hit pause\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">. \u003c/strong>He insisted on going forward with the state’s March 17 presidential primary. “We’re definitely voting. They voted during the Civil War,” DeSantis said at the time. Canceling it, he said, “would have really sent a signal about panic. And I don’t think that’s the signal that you want to send.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although he recommended postponing or\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/12/mass-gatherings-in-florida-should-be-postponed-to-stop-coronavirus-spread-desantis-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> canceling mass gatherings\u003c/a>, he didn’t issue orders to ban them outright. By the second weekend of March, business and political leaders began to shut down South Florida. Miami-Dade County officials canceled the \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/west-miami-dade/article241125471.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">annual Youth Fair\u003c/a> hours before it was scheduled to open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers of the Firestone Grand Prix in southwest Florida postponed the race. Disney shut down its parks. At Magic Kingdom, Mickey Mouse and a menagerie of other Disney characters waved at the crowds one last time before the park shut its massive gates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts, following California, began shutting down. “We started paying attention to it when [COVID-19] impacted the West Coast in particular,” said Broward County\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Superintendent Robert Runcie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Runcie and his deputies met regularly to go over the district’s COVID-19 preparedness plan starting in February. Beyond protecting his staff and students, Runcie realized that he would need to coordinate any school closures with other South Florida superintendents. What happened in his district would inevitably affect neighboring ones, because many Broward County residents worked at Miami-Dade schools and some Broward school employees lived in Palm Beach County. The three superintendents began to confer, Runcie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all connected,” Runcie said. “So you make a decision in one district, it’s going to have ramifications in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, March 13, all three districts announced they would close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on the beach, spring break\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>raged on through the weekend — until the Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale mayors took the extraordinary step on Sunday afternoon of announcing that their beaches would close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida is known to shut down beaches for one reason: a hurricane. Daniel Stermer, mayor of Weston and then-president of the Broward League of Cities, said he was blindsided by Fort Lauderdale’s move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rest of us sort of went, ‘What did you just do? You didn’t discuss that with us,’” Stermer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale beaches emptied out, nearby coastal mayors scrambled to impose their own closures as spring breakers searched for new places to party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825235\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825235\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Spring-Break.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spring breakers party on Pompano Beach, Fla., on March 17. \u003ccite>(Julio Cortez/Associated Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Key Biscayne, Mayor Michael Davey quickly noticed a rush on the grocery stores in his beach town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re obviously going to the beach,” he said. “They’re in bathing suits and they’re getting their beer and they’re getting their hot dogs and they’re getting all their stuff and they’re buying the coolers. And I’m saying, ‘Well, this isn’t good.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key Biscayne soon closed its beaches. So did Hollywood, where Mayor Josh Levy anticipated that spring breakers would descend on his city. “We needed to take decisive and immediate action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, the governor continued his hands-off approach. He banned gatherings larger than 10 people at beaches, but left much of the rest up to local governments. A DeSantis spokesman told Reveal that beaches weren’t closed statewide “because a one-size-fits-all approach was not the right model for Florida.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a mother just walking down the beach with her daughter, I think that can be done safely,” DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.mysuncoast.com/2020/03/24/desantis-cracking-down-travelers-hotspots-will-require-them-self-quarantine/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a>. “That is much different than doing a Jell-O shot off somebody’s stomach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Dan Gelber, Miami Beach’s mayor, said beaches should have closed sooner. The COVID-19 numbers may have been low, but who knew what that meant without widespread testing. The virus had likely already spread undetected. Miami Beach was the first to close its beach, he said, “and still, we were very late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Cascade of Orders\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After the beach closures came a wave of aggressive local action, as cities and towns across South Florida issued stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">In Broward, officials from the county’s 31 municipalities scrambled to coordinate their orders, said Chris Lagerbloom, the Fort Lauderdale city manager. He was among three city managers who joined forces to draft a list of recommendations and deliver them to the rest of the cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">Local leaders\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>went their own way on some issues. Some instituted their own curfews. Others classified active construction projects as essential businesses. But all ultimately came out with stay-at-home orders of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">“It was really neat to watch,” Lagerbloom said, “because I didn’t think it was possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">After several cities had issued their orders, Miami-Dade and Broward counties \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/broward/article241535856.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told residents to stay home\u003c/a> March 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Empty-Beach.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view shows a deserted stretch of sand in Miami Beach, Fla., on March 20. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents had already taken action. At her Cooper City\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>yoga studio\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">,\u003c/strong> in Broward County, Ruth Ann Bradley said she felt exhausted from disinfecting her entire studio after each class. She worried about the safety of her students. Her larger classes could accommodate up to 20 at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just kind of saw the writing on the wall,” Bradley said. “I can’t go through another week of all this cleaning if I’m basically going to be closing anyway. And it just seemed like the right thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, a week before Broward County issued its order closing nonessential businesses, she sent a notice to her students: The studio would close,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>and classes would be offered via Zoom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/05/10/how-florida-slowed-coronavirus-everyone-stayed-home-before-they-were-told-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tampa Bay Times analysis\u003c/a> of cellphone tracking data found that Bradley was not alone: In every county in the state, people had begun staying home well before county and state orders were issued. By the time the governor finally ordered residents to stay home, nearly half of the state’s counties had already seen a 50% decline in activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis, who had been loath to intervene early on, issued a series of orders in March, ordering international travelers to self-quarantine, discouraging mass gatherings and barring visitors from nursing homes. He also ordered 1 million doses of hydroxychloroquine following Trump’s praise of the anti-malaria drug as a treatment for COVID-19. (\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/drug-promoted-by-trump-as-coronavirus-game-changer-increasingly-linked-to-deaths/2020/05/15/85d024fe-96bd-11ea-9f5e-56d8239bf9ad_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Studies\u003c/a> later established that it was dangerous for COVID-19 patients.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But DeSantis \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.wfla.com/community/health/coronavirus/florida-lawmakers-sign-letter-urging-desantis-to-issue-statewide-stay-at-home-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuffed calls\u003c/a> for a statewide stay-at-home order, arguing that a uniform approach wouldn’t be appropriate, given that some counties had very few cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply cannot lock down our society indefinitely with no end in sight,” he \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlIR7JMoaj8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said\u003c/a> at a March 23 press conference. “And when people say that we may do this for seven to nine months, I can tell you that is not sustainable. That is not something that this society would accept.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11825225\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11825225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/DeSantis.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks during a March 30 news conference in a parking lot being used as a COVID-19 testing center. \u003ccite>(Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When his stay-at-home order landed April 1, the\u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.flgov.com/wp-content/uploads/orders/2020/EO_20-91-compressed.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> 34-page executive order\u003c/a> listed religious services as essential and thus exempt from the shutdown. Two Broward County mayors, Weston’s Daniel Stermer and city of Sunrise Mayor Michael Ryan, fired off emails to DeSantis’ office asking the governor to reconsider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based upon proven science, these large gatherings are jeopardizing the health, safety and welfare,” Ryan wrote. “As a result, we feel very strongly not only can we restrict access, we have an obligation to do so based upon the science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Jacquot, the governor’s general counsel, responded that DeSantis’ order allowed cities to restrict churches if they chose. Ryan wasn’t satisfied. The order, he wrote, “explicitly invalidates our local orders. We are going to run into conflict with those who do not want to comply.” A subsequent email exchange indicates that Stermer’s city attorney would call Jacquot to talk things through.\u003cbr>\nBy the time the state order went into effect, Florida’s reported coronavirus death toll had topped 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji align-center stk-theme_26115__style_accented_text\">Flattening the Curve\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__style_font_style-1560426838969\">At first, it was not at all clear whether Californians would comply with Gov. Gavin Newsom’s pathbreaking shelter-in-place order. The weekend after it went into effect, Venice Beach in Los Angeles was mobbed, and the governor was irked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those young people are still out there on the beaches thinking it’s time to party,” Newsom said at a news conference. “It’s time to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The normally secluded beaches of San Mateo County, south of San Francisco, “looked like Waikiki,” complained Dr. Scott Morrow, the county health officer. And he had noticed other signs of noncompliance\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> —\u003c/strong> large picnics and outdoor sports. Morrow called out\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the scofflaws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites. We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you decide you want to do your own thing and follow your own rules, you disrespect us all,” he wrote in an open letter. “You spit in our face, and you will contribute to the death toll that will follow.”\u003cbr>\nAs days passed, compliance improved. The experts’ worst fears — that, like Italy, California’s hospitals would be overwhelmed with gravely ill patients — had been staved off, for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I mostly remember from those weeks is racing around trying to find out, you know, where we can stand up alternate care sites,” said Santa Clara County’s Dr. Sara Cody, referring to temporary facilities that could house patients once Bay Area hospitals were full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were imagining ICUs that were going to be brimming,” she\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>said. “We had our mass fatality plans reviewed and revised. And then, of course, our shelter in place helped to really slow things down. And our hospitals never saw that surge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s statewide shutdown order appears to have gotten traction: In the weeks that followed, California suffered far less from the pandemic than other states, with both case\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>rates and death rates below the national average, despite the state having been host to the first confirmed case of community transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testing data also suggests the profound impact of those early Bay Area shelter-in-place orders: The Bay Area’s curve flattened quickly and dramatically after the shutdown and continued to plateau even as the number of COVID-19 cases in the rest of the state rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-800x617.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-160x123.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph-1020x787.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/CA-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same pattern was visible to a lesser extent in Florida, where officials in Miami-Dade and Broward counties mobilized quickly while Gov. Ron\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>DeSantis embraced a laissez-faire approach. Just as in California, their decisions made a difference. By late\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>April, confirmed cases in those counties began to drop as other Florida counties reported an increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11825230\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-800x604.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-160x121.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph-1020x770.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/Florida-Graph.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>the limited testing data makes it difficult to draw conclusions, the flattened\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>curves in Florida and California “emphasize the point that early action makes a difference,” said\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Dr.\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Marissa Levine, director of the Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice at the University of South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/em>In both states, we know that local leaders acted before state leaders did,” she said. “To some degree, we’re seeing that reflected in the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 20, the day Florida’s task force for reopening \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2020/04/20/governors-task-force-to-reopen-florida-will-make-recommendations-this-week/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first convened\u003c/a>,\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>California was\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>reporting 86\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>cases per 100,000 residents, and Florida, 126. New York, the nation’s epicenter, had 1,293.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Florida is not doing great,” Dr. John Swartzberg, the California epidemiologist, said in early May, before Florida began to reopen, \u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">“\u003c/strong>but it’s doing a lot better than I thought it would be given their really poor judgment, and a governor who doesn’t understand public health\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\">.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut we may never know the full cost of DeSantis’ delays. Cellphone tracking data showed that Fort Lauderdale spring breakers \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/04/tech/location-tracking-florida-coronavirus/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dispersed\u003c/a> to locales across the country, including to New York City, which would soon be overwhelmed. Nor can we know just how far the nation might have plunged into the COVID-19 abyss if California leaders had failed to take bold actions early on, clearing the way for elected officials elsewhere to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward. To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really critical to set a standard,” Levine said, referring to California. “Clearly, somebody had to go first. That always helps others make decisions a little more readily.” And California’s decision, she points out, built on Wuhan’s, where officials instituted a massive shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, officials in both states faced dilemmas triggered by the lack of federal leadership — and the inability to conduct widespread testing. The testing shortage not only hampered early decision-making, but it also robbed local health officials of traditional tools such as testing and contact tracing and forced them to consider drastic, unprecedented measures such as shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge we have here is that every state has kind of been left to its own to figure out the path forward,” Levine said. “To some degree, that’s OK. But it should be done under a national framework that provides some level of standardization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such standardization would hinge on a strong testing infrastructure that, five months into the U.S. pandemic, is still not in place. Without it, states are still largely\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>in the dark as they take steps to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, resistant to aggressive testing from the start, has yet to embrace it as a linchpin of restarting the economy. Just three weeks after the U.S. became the global epicenter of the pandemic, the Trump administration released its \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/4/16/21224405/opening-up-america-again-trump-coronavirus-testing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines for reopening\u003c/a>, called “Opening Up America Again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That next week in Florida, DeSantis launched his\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>Re-Open Florida Task Force. None of the executive\u003cstrong class=\"stk-reset\"> \u003c/strong>committee members are medical doctors or epidemiologists. Instead, it’s packed with leaders of the state’s largest corporations. Thanks to their guidance, South Florida has begun to loosen restrictions, allowing businesses to open at a reduced capacity and reopening the beaches that are the engine of Florida’s tourism industry. Disney World plans to reopen next month. Schools \u003ca class=\"stk-reset\" href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2020/06/11/gov-ron-desantis-announces-plan-for-reopening-florida-schools/?utm_campaign=SocialFlow&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_content=%40TB_Tmes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">may reopen\u003c/a> in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As restrictions unravel, COVID-19 numbers have already begun to surge in Florida. On Tuesday, the state recorded its highest number of reported cases in a single day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levine worries about the public abandoning safety measures as they emerge from strict shelter-in-place orders from the early days of the pandemic. “A lot of people think we did what we needed to do, and now we just need to go back to the way it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the wrong message, unfortunately,” Levine said. “I think we may pay the price as we watch cases go up here in Florida and around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"stk-reset wp-exclude-emoji stk-theme_26115__color_26115_custom_color_3\">\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">This story was edited by Esther Kaplan, Soo Oh, Jen Chien and Matt Thompson\u003c/em> \u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">and copy edited by Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003cem class=\"stk-reset\">Editors Terence Shepherd and Alicia Zuckerman from WLRN and Julia B. Chan and Ethan Toven-Lindsey from KQED contributed.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In one respect, this is a typical midterm election — a race shaped as a referendum on the president and the party in power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many ways in which this election is anything but typical. We've seen a surge in first-time candidates, especially women and minorities. In the past several midterms, the party in power was relatively complacent compared with the party hoping to be in power. Heading into Election Day, Democrats have an enthusiasm edge, but Republicans have been getting steadily amped up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, President Trump has embraced the referendum on himself in a way other presidents have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a sign of tribal divisions that are driving much of what has happened in the 2018 campaign, and voters will resolve what remains to be seen — the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five questions that could be answered on election night. They will determine not just who controls Congress, but how American politics changes after these consequential midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's probably a blue wave, but how big and wide?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every indicator says that Democrats have the advantage going into Election Day in the fight for the House. What's unclear is whether the blue wave will be big enough to get Democrats the 23-seat net pickup they need to take back the House majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender gap is huge and working in their favor. Independent voters have broken strongly for the Democrats, and Democrats are raising tremendous amounts of money — in both small contributions to individual candidates and from big outside donors, like billionaire Michael Bloomberg. The size of this \"green wave\" of cash has surprised and worried Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to make changes moving forward, Democrats must do more than just take back the House, they must do well in gubernatorial races and in the battle for state legislatures across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is key because 2020 is a census year, and redistricting is right around the corner. So Democrats want to be able to exercise some control over the state-based process of drawing congressional and state legislative district boundaries — a process they've been effectively shut out of in many crucial states since their big losses in 2010. That has provided a big structural advantage to the GOP ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Can Democrats effectively navigate the \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>very \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>different House and Senate landscapes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In midterm elections, the House and Senate races tend to move in tandem, but this year, they're heading in two very different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate battleground couldn't be worse for Democrats — it's a group of red states like Montana, North Dakota, Missouri, Indiana and West Virginia, where Trump won by double digits in 2016. The president has been campaigning plenty in those places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those states, where incumbent Democratic senators are fighting for their political lives, the key voter is a blue-collar white man. In the battlegrounds for the House — which are in mostly affluent, highly-educated suburbs — the key voter is an angry, college-educated white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the cycle started, Republicans hoped they would pick up as many as five Senate seats, but most of these races are still very close. In only one, North Dakota, do polls show the Democrat, Heidi Heitkamp, consistently trailing by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats have also struggled to pull ahead in states where they had hoped to pick up seats — Nevada, the only state that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 that has an incumbent Republican senator up for re-election, is still within the margin of error, as is the open seat in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tennessee, Democrats had been hopeful about Phil Bredesen, a moderate, pro-business former governor. But Bredesen has fallen behind his Republican opponent, Rep. Marsha Blackburn, in the most recent polls. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz also remains the favorite for re-election, despite the energetic and well-funded campaign of Democratic Rep. Beto O'Rourke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats' goal is to hold their own if they can, limiting their losses, so they're not out of striking distance in the next two cycles, when more Republican senators are up for re-election in more purple states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Can Republicans hold in the Midwest, and will young people and Latinos turn out for Democrats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 2016, it looked as if Trump was going to turn the battleground states of Iowa and Ohio red. But Republicans are now worrying about the Midwest — once a source of Trump's greatest strength. GOP candidates are struggling in races up and down the ballot in those two states. And in the states that vaulted Trump to the White House — Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania — they're not doing much better and often worse. For now, Republicans' hopes of turning Minnesota red have been put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also have plenty to worry about. Polls show a decided lack of enthusiasm among Hispanics. That's not a problem everywhere, but it really matters in places like Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Texas. If Democrats can't fire up Latino voters with a nativist president in the White House doubling down on immigration, they really have some work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are also concerned that young people, who polls show disapprove of Trump and his party by huge margins, may stay home (as they usually do in midterm elections) despite the surge of activism among young people after the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can Trump transfer his popularity with his base to his party?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every midterm is a referendum on the president and his party, and Trump has embraced that dynamic more enthusiastically than any previous president. He tells his supporters that even though he's not on the ballot, they should vote as though he is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, presidents have had trouble transferring their popularity in midterm elections — it's usually a president's \u003cem>unpopularity\u003c/em> that motivates the other side's voters. Trump had no problem boosting the fortunes of the Republican candidates whom he endorsed in GOP primaries, but it remains to be seen whether he can heave any Republican general election candidate over the finish line his fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What about Florida, Florida, Florida? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single most important race this fall is ... the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659634372/governor-race-in-florida-nation-s-largest-swing-state-may-be-a-test-of-the-presi\">Florida governor's race\u003c/a>. Florida is the mother of all swing states, and Trump realistically can't be re-elected without it. He needs to get GOP Rep. Ron DeSantis elected governor so that all the political power that comes with that office can be used on Trump's behalf in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrat Andrew Gillum has had a small, but consistent lead in that race — and Gillum may even be helping incumbent Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson in his Senate race against Rick Scott, the current GOP governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once again, it's the state to watch on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Questions+The+2018+Election+Will+Answer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In one respect, this is a typical midterm election — a race shaped as a referendum on the president and the party in power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many ways in which this election is anything but typical. We've seen a surge in first-time candidates, especially women and minorities. In the past several midterms, the party in power was relatively complacent compared with the party hoping to be in power. Heading into Election Day, Democrats have an enthusiasm edge, but Republicans have been getting steadily amped up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, President Trump has embraced the referendum on himself in a way other presidents have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a sign of tribal divisions that are driving much of what has happened in the 2018 campaign, and voters will resolve what remains to be seen — the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five questions that could be answered on election night. They will determine not just who controls Congress, but how American politics changes after these consequential midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It's probably a blue wave, but how big and wide?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every indicator says that Democrats have the advantage going into Election Day in the fight for the House. What's unclear is whether the blue wave will be big enough to get Democrats the 23-seat net pickup they need to take back the House majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender gap is huge and working in their favor. Independent voters have broken strongly for the Democrats, and Democrats are raising tremendous amounts of money — in both small contributions to individual candidates and from big outside donors, like billionaire Michael Bloomberg. The size of this \"green wave\" of cash has surprised and worried Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to make changes moving forward, Democrats must do more than just take back the House, they must do well in gubernatorial races and in the battle for state legislatures across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is key because 2020 is a census year, and redistricting is right around the corner. So Democrats want to be able to exercise some control over the state-based process of drawing congressional and state legislative district boundaries — a process they've been effectively shut out of in many crucial states since their big losses in 2010. That has provided a big structural advantage to the GOP ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Can Democrats effectively navigate the \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>very \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>different House and Senate landscapes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In midterm elections, the House and Senate races tend to move in tandem, but this year, they're heading in two very different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate battleground couldn't be worse for Democrats — it's a group of red states like Montana, North Dakota, Missouri, Indiana and West Virginia, where Trump won by double digits in 2016. The president has been campaigning plenty in those places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those states, where incumbent Democratic senators are fighting for their political lives, the key voter is a blue-collar white man. In the battlegrounds for the House — which are in mostly affluent, highly-educated suburbs — the key voter is an angry, college-educated white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the cycle started, Republicans hoped they would pick up as many as five Senate seats, but most of these races are still very close. In only one, North Dakota, do polls show the Democrat, Heidi Heitkamp, consistently trailing by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats have also struggled to pull ahead in states where they had hoped to pick up seats — Nevada, the only state that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 that has an incumbent Republican senator up for re-election, is still within the margin of error, as is the open seat in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tennessee, Democrats had been hopeful about Phil Bredesen, a moderate, pro-business former governor. But Bredesen has fallen behind his Republican opponent, Rep. Marsha Blackburn, in the most recent polls. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz also remains the favorite for re-election, despite the energetic and well-funded campaign of Democratic Rep. Beto O'Rourke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats' goal is to hold their own if they can, limiting their losses, so they're not out of striking distance in the next two cycles, when more Republican senators are up for re-election in more purple states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Can Republicans hold in the Midwest, and will young people and Latinos turn out for Democrats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 2016, it looked as if Trump was going to turn the battleground states of Iowa and Ohio red. But Republicans are now worrying about the Midwest — once a source of Trump's greatest strength. GOP candidates are struggling in races up and down the ballot in those two states. And in the states that vaulted Trump to the White House — Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania — they're not doing much better and often worse. For now, Republicans' hopes of turning Minnesota red have been put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also have plenty to worry about. Polls show a decided lack of enthusiasm among Hispanics. That's not a problem everywhere, but it really matters in places like Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Texas. If Democrats can't fire up Latino voters with a nativist president in the White House doubling down on immigration, they really have some work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are also concerned that young people, who polls show disapprove of Trump and his party by huge margins, may stay home (as they usually do in midterm elections) despite the surge of activism among young people after the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can Trump transfer his popularity with his base to his party?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every midterm is a referendum on the president and his party, and Trump has embraced that dynamic more enthusiastically than any previous president. He tells his supporters that even though he's not on the ballot, they should vote as though he is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, presidents have had trouble transferring their popularity in midterm elections — it's usually a president's \u003cem>unpopularity\u003c/em> that motivates the other side's voters. Trump had no problem boosting the fortunes of the Republican candidates whom he endorsed in GOP primaries, but it remains to be seen whether he can heave any Republican general election candidate over the finish line his fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What about Florida, Florida, Florida? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single most important race this fall is ... the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659634372/governor-race-in-florida-nation-s-largest-swing-state-may-be-a-test-of-the-presi\">Florida governor's race\u003c/a>. Florida is the mother of all swing states, and Trump realistically can't be re-elected without it. He needs to get GOP Rep. Ron DeSantis elected governor so that all the political power that comes with that office can be used on Trump's behalf in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrat Andrew Gillum has had a small, but consistent lead in that race — and Gillum may even be helping incumbent Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson in his Senate race against Rick Scott, the current GOP governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once again, it's the state to watch on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Questions+The+2018+Election+Will+Answer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feds Charge Florida Man With Mailing Improvised Bombs to Trump Political Critics",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department charged a Florida man on Friday in connection with a wave of improvised explosive devices sent to political critics of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Altieri Sayoc, 56, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5022035-Complaint-Against-Cesar-Altieri-Sayoc.html\">facing five federal charges\u003c/a> after he was arrested in Plantation, Florida, following a national investigation. He faces a potential total of 48 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Friday, the Justice Department had erroneously said Sayoc could face up to 58 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homemade bombs intercepted or discovered this week \"are not hoax devices,\" said FBI Director Christopher Wray during a press conference with law enforcement officials Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They contained \"energetic materials\" packed into PVC pipes and could have been dangerous, he said, although none of them exploded and no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-160x158.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1020x1010.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1200x1188.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-960x951.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-240x238.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-375x371.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-520x515.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami. \u003ccite>(Broward County Sheriff's Office via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked at the same press conference why it appeared that Sayoc allegedly targeted only liberal political figures, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said \"he may have been a partisan ... appears to be partisan, but that will be determined as the case goes forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Sessions nor Wray would address directly questions from journalists about political motives and the spate of suspicious packages discovered across the country this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI and other investigators surrounded a white van believed to be connected to the case in a parking lot in Plantation; their inspection was shown live on cable TV and the van was loaded onto a flatbed truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents later established the van, which was covered with pro-Trump and anti-CNN images, belonged to Sayoc; a former attorney who had represented him told NPR Sayoc has been living in a van for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unYesNU4bNU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The President Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump hailed law enforcement agencies in a statement at the White House and condemned the prospective threats to political leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These terrorizing acts are despicable and have no place in our country,\" he said. \"We must never allow political violence to take root in America. We cannot let it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Trump was asked about the apparent support for him expressed by the suspect on social media and on his van, which bears an illustration that appeared to depict Trump standing on a tank holding a rifle before an American flag with fireworks exploding in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you see your face on that van, sir?\" Trump was asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not,\" the president said. \"I did not see my face on the van. I don't know. I heard he was a person that preferred me over others, but I did not see that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MiamiHerald/status/1055950267215155201\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump did reject the idea that he or his statements might be in some way culpable in the attacks. The president alluded to the shooting last year at a mostly Republican baseball practice outside Washington, D.C., in which Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., was badly wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no blame. There's no anything,\" Trump said. \"If you look at what happened to Steve Scalise, that was from a supporter of a different party.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/660823141/661137023\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Suspicious Packages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the charges followed the discovery Friday of more packages bound for political foes of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two were recovered in California: One addressed to liberal donor Tom Steyer, who is leading a campaign to impeach Trump, and one addressed to Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris was mentioned in the criminal complaint as a target known to federal investigators; Steyer was not. It wasn't clear whether the parcel he addressed in his statement might be connected to this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this moment, it is incumbent upon leaders across the political spectrum to take seriously the power they hold,\" said Sen. Harris in a statement in which she also praised law enforcement officials' efforts to investigate the packages. \"It is the responsibility of our leaders to use their role as public figures to elevate our discourse and bring people together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NextGen America, a San Francisco-based political action committee founded by Steyer, said in a statement that the suspicious package mailed to Steyer was intercepted at a facility in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are seeing a systematic attack on our democracy and our rule of law that extends much further than just one isolated terrorist in Florida,\" said Steyer. \"Whether it's voter suppression, voter intimidation, attacks on our free press, gerrymandering or attempted violence — the trust and norms that are the actual basis for our civil society and political system are being eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, a package was discovered in Florida addressed to Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., and one in New York City to former intelligence boss James Clapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/gettyimages-1053534874_slide-0c9c4a746e24425cd94fd5861bb82757a5cadc75-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police outside the U.S. Post Office Royal Palm Processing & Distribution Center, in Opa-locka, Florida on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Miami Herald/TNS via Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The recovery of those envelopes brought the known total to 14 parcels addressed to 12 targets, all of whom are critics or opponents of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the suspicious devices included in the envelopes has exploded, and so far no one has been hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities have acknowledged that they don't know how many total packages there are and that there could be more moving through the mail as the search continues both for the devices and for the person or people who sent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper, who is a commentator on CNN, appeared on air to say, \"This is definitely domestic terrorism. No question about it in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KFILE/status/1055811070621896704\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the homemade pipe bombs have not exploded, authorities say they are treating them as \"live devices,\" not \"hoax devices,\" New York City Police Commissioner James O'Neill \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">said Thursday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities who have discovered the parcels around the country — in New York, outside Washington, D.C., in Florida and in Los Angeles — are sending them to the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, for examination there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sunshine State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one of the packages passed through a large U.S. mail sorting facility in Opa-locka, Florida, near Miami, according to multiple reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article220621360.html\">Miami Herald\u003c/a>, citing a federal law enforcement official familiar with the investigation, reports that the package sent from the facility is likely the one that ended up on Wednesday at the South Florida office of U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package was originally sent to the office of former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder. It was not delivered and was instead sent to the labeled return address — listed as Wasserman Schultz's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the package arrived there, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports it was rerouted through the Opa-locka mail sorting facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents and the Miami-Dade County Police Department searched the facility on Thursday night, according to reports from the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-packages/fbi-searches-florida-mail-center-in-hunt-for-sender-of-package-bombs-idUSKCN1MZ1CP\">Reuters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/e0ed03c0100a42a0a3ce65419c72af37\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. No potentially explosive devices were found, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A search of a postal database suggested at least some may have been mailed from Florida,\" the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of packages pour into the facility every day — it's the size of five football fields, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports. Miami-Dade Police Department specialists worked at the mail center on Friday morning, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attacks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages began to show up on Monday, starting with billionaire George Soros, a major donor to Democrats and Democratic causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Steyer, Harris, Booker, Clapper and former CIA Director John Brennan, one package has been addressed to former President Barack Obama, two to former Vice President Joe Biden, one to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, one to former Attorney General Eric Holder and two to Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif. One was also addressed to the actor Robert De Niro, a harsh Trump critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Niro included a political callout in his statement about the packages on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thank God no one's been hurt, and I thank the brave and resourceful security and law enforcement people for protecting us,\" he said. \"There's something more powerful than bombs, and that's your vote. People must vote!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sounded the same note when he addressed the parcel attacks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\">Friday morning on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's use of sarcasm quotes around \"bomb\" appeared to be an allusion to skepticism voiced by some former investigators and explosives specialists about the devices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">As one expert told NPR\u003c/a>, the apparently homemade devices look like they might include hazardous materials but not as though they could explode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president changed his tone later in the day after Sayoc's arrest was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wide investigation remains ongoing, with the FBI, the Postal Service and other federal agencies working with state and local authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Feds+Charge+Florida+Man+With+Mailing+Improvised+Bombs+To+Trump+Political+Critics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cesar Altieri Sayoc was arrested after more devices were found on Friday. Packages have been sent to at least 11 targets this week, all of whom are critics or opponents of President Trump.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department charged a Florida man on Friday in connection with a wave of improvised explosive devices sent to political critics of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Altieri Sayoc, 56, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5022035-Complaint-Against-Cesar-Altieri-Sayoc.html\">facing five federal charges\u003c/a> after he was arrested in Plantation, Florida, following a national investigation. He faces a potential total of 48 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Friday, the Justice Department had erroneously said Sayoc could face up to 58 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homemade bombs intercepted or discovered this week \"are not hoax devices,\" said FBI Director Christopher Wray during a press conference with law enforcement officials Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They contained \"energetic materials\" packed into PVC pipes and could have been dangerous, he said, although none of them exploded and no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-160x158.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1020x1010.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1200x1188.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-960x951.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-240x238.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-375x371.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-520x515.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami. \u003ccite>(Broward County Sheriff's Office via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked at the same press conference why it appeared that Sayoc allegedly targeted only liberal political figures, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said \"he may have been a partisan ... appears to be partisan, but that will be determined as the case goes forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Sessions nor Wray would address directly questions from journalists about political motives and the spate of suspicious packages discovered across the country this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI and other investigators surrounded a white van believed to be connected to the case in a parking lot in Plantation; their inspection was shown live on cable TV and the van was loaded onto a flatbed truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents later established the van, which was covered with pro-Trump and anti-CNN images, belonged to Sayoc; a former attorney who had represented him told NPR Sayoc has been living in a van for some time.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/unYesNU4bNU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/unYesNU4bNU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The President Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump hailed law enforcement agencies in a statement at the White House and condemned the prospective threats to political leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These terrorizing acts are despicable and have no place in our country,\" he said. \"We must never allow political violence to take root in America. We cannot let it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Trump was asked about the apparent support for him expressed by the suspect on social media and on his van, which bears an illustration that appeared to depict Trump standing on a tank holding a rifle before an American flag with fireworks exploding in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you see your face on that van, sir?\" Trump was asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not,\" the president said. \"I did not see my face on the van. I don't know. I heard he was a person that preferred me over others, but I did not see that.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump did reject the idea that he or his statements might be in some way culpable in the attacks. The president alluded to the shooting last year at a mostly Republican baseball practice outside Washington, D.C., in which Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., was badly wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no blame. There's no anything,\" Trump said. \"If you look at what happened to Steve Scalise, that was from a supporter of a different party.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/660823141/661137023\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Suspicious Packages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the charges followed the discovery Friday of more packages bound for political foes of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two were recovered in California: One addressed to liberal donor Tom Steyer, who is leading a campaign to impeach Trump, and one addressed to Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris was mentioned in the criminal complaint as a target known to federal investigators; Steyer was not. It wasn't clear whether the parcel he addressed in his statement might be connected to this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this moment, it is incumbent upon leaders across the political spectrum to take seriously the power they hold,\" said Sen. Harris in a statement in which she also praised law enforcement officials' efforts to investigate the packages. \"It is the responsibility of our leaders to use their role as public figures to elevate our discourse and bring people together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NextGen America, a San Francisco-based political action committee founded by Steyer, said in a statement that the suspicious package mailed to Steyer was intercepted at a facility in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are seeing a systematic attack on our democracy and our rule of law that extends much further than just one isolated terrorist in Florida,\" said Steyer. \"Whether it's voter suppression, voter intimidation, attacks on our free press, gerrymandering or attempted violence — the trust and norms that are the actual basis for our civil society and political system are being eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, a package was discovered in Florida addressed to Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., and one in New York City to former intelligence boss James Clapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/gettyimages-1053534874_slide-0c9c4a746e24425cd94fd5861bb82757a5cadc75-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police outside the U.S. Post Office Royal Palm Processing & Distribution Center, in Opa-locka, Florida on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Miami Herald/TNS via Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The recovery of those envelopes brought the known total to 14 parcels addressed to 12 targets, all of whom are critics or opponents of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the suspicious devices included in the envelopes has exploded, and so far no one has been hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities have acknowledged that they don't know how many total packages there are and that there could be more moving through the mail as the search continues both for the devices and for the person or people who sent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper, who is a commentator on CNN, appeared on air to say, \"This is definitely domestic terrorism. No question about it in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Although the homemade pipe bombs have not exploded, authorities say they are treating them as \"live devices,\" not \"hoax devices,\" New York City Police Commissioner James O'Neill \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">said Thursday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities who have discovered the parcels around the country — in New York, outside Washington, D.C., in Florida and in Los Angeles — are sending them to the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, for examination there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sunshine State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one of the packages passed through a large U.S. mail sorting facility in Opa-locka, Florida, near Miami, according to multiple reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article220621360.html\">Miami Herald\u003c/a>, citing a federal law enforcement official familiar with the investigation, reports that the package sent from the facility is likely the one that ended up on Wednesday at the South Florida office of U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package was originally sent to the office of former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder. It was not delivered and was instead sent to the labeled return address — listed as Wasserman Schultz's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the package arrived there, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports it was rerouted through the Opa-locka mail sorting facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents and the Miami-Dade County Police Department searched the facility on Thursday night, according to reports from the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-packages/fbi-searches-florida-mail-center-in-hunt-for-sender-of-package-bombs-idUSKCN1MZ1CP\">Reuters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/e0ed03c0100a42a0a3ce65419c72af37\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. No potentially explosive devices were found, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A search of a postal database suggested at least some may have been mailed from Florida,\" the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of packages pour into the facility every day — it's the size of five football fields, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports. Miami-Dade Police Department specialists worked at the mail center on Friday morning, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attacks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages began to show up on Monday, starting with billionaire George Soros, a major donor to Democrats and Democratic causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Steyer, Harris, Booker, Clapper and former CIA Director John Brennan, one package has been addressed to former President Barack Obama, two to former Vice President Joe Biden, one to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, one to former Attorney General Eric Holder and two to Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif. One was also addressed to the actor Robert De Niro, a harsh Trump critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Niro included a political callout in his statement about the packages on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thank God no one's been hurt, and I thank the brave and resourceful security and law enforcement people for protecting us,\" he said. \"There's something more powerful than bombs, and that's your vote. People must vote!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sounded the same note when he addressed the parcel attacks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\">Friday morning on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump's use of sarcasm quotes around \"bomb\" appeared to be an allusion to skepticism voiced by some former investigators and explosives specialists about the devices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">As one expert told NPR\u003c/a>, the apparently homemade devices look like they might include hazardous materials but not as though they could explode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president changed his tone later in the day after Sayoc's arrest was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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{
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{
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"raceReadTheStory": "https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/california/proposition-1"
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],
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"id": "AlamedaJudge5",
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Superior Court Judge, Office 5",
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"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"id": "AlamedaJudge12",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
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"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Board of Education, Trustee Area 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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{
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"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:02 PM",
"dateUpdated": "April 1, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
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"raceReadTheStory": "https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/contracosta/supervisor-5th-district",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Iztaccuauhtli Hector Gonzalez",
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"location": "Contra Costa",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 11513,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 7554
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 17971,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 10397
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "Martinez Unified School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9230,
"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
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"CCMeasureD": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Contra Costa",
"raceName": "Measure D",
"raceDescription": "Moraga School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
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"timeUpdated": "6:45 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 28, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6007,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 4052
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"voteCount": 1955
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 2",
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"raceReadTheStory": "https://www.kqed.org/elections/results/marin/supervisor-2nd-district",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "6:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 27, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18466,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Heather McPhail Sridharan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4851
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{
"candidateName": "Ryan O'Neil",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2647
},
{
"candidateName": "Gabe Paulson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2997
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"MarinD3": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3",
"raceDescription": "Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "6:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 27, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13274,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
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"MarinD4": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 4",
"raceDescription": "Candidate with majority vote wins seat. If no candidate reaches majority, top two candidates advance to runoff in general election.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "6:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 27, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12986,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10086
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{
"candidateName": "Francis Drouillard",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2900
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Larkspur City Council (Short Term)",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "6:54 PM",
"dateUpdated": "March 27, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4176,
"candidates": [
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{
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Sinead Geneva Anderson",
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]
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Shelly Stoll Swanson",
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{
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{
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{
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]
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{
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{
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"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaCastroValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea5",
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"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Mike Kusiak",
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"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Ramnath “Ram” Shanbhogue",
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaEmeryUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
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"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Brian Donahue",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Walter Pizarro",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "John T. Van Geffen",
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"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Rinu Nair",
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"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
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"location": "Alameda",
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"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso",
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Sara Prada",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Austin Bruckner Carrillo",
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Simon “Peter” Gutierrez Bufete",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Calyn Kelley",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Tom Wong",
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"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
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"id": "AlamedaLammersvilleJointUnifiedSchoolDistrictGoverningBoardArea1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Surekha Shekar",
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"candidateParty": "",
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"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Maggie Tufts",
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{
"candidateName": "Amanda Pepper",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Jean Paulsen",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Karla Brown",
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{
"candidateName": "Valerie Arkin",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Matthew B. Gaidos",
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"location": "Alameda",
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{
"candidateName": "Gary Singh",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Richard De Vera",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
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{
"candidateName": "Luis Reynoso",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Jacob Vital",
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{
"candidateName": "Moira “Mimi” Dean",
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{
"candidateName": "Bob Glaze",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Damaris Villalobos-Galindo",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"AlamedaMeasureO": {
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"location": "Alameda",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5872
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7152,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5005
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2147
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureR": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureR",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure R",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Business license tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7070,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3234
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3836
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureS": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureS",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure S",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Appoint city manager. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6637,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4440
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2197
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureT": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureT",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure T",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Eliminate bond requirement. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6553,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4665
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1888
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureU": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureU",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure U",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Bonding limit. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6414,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4585
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1829
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureV": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureV",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure V",
"raceDescription": "Albany. Youth voting. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7002,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4417
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2585
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureW": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureW",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure W",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Property transfer tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36202,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21701
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14501
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureX": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureX",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure X",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 37257,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29013
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8244
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureY": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureY",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Y",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36850,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 27584
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9266
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureZ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureZ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Sugary drinks and sweetenders tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 37065,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29809
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7256
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureAA": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureAA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure AA",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Spending limit. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36667,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 32594
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4073
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureBB": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureBB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure BB",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36895,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 19346
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17549
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureCC": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureCC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure CC",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Affordable housing programs. Passes with majority vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36117,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12683
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 23434
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureDD": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureDD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure DD",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. CAFO prohibition. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34855,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21032
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13823
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureEE": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureEE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36736,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16191
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 20545
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureFF": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureFF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure FF",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Parcel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36899,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 22175
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14724
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureGG": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureGG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure GG",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Fossil fuel tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36681,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10364
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26317
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureHH": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureHH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure HH",
"raceDescription": "Berkeley. Indoor air quality. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35895,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14179
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21716
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureII": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureII",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure II",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Open Space Initiative. Passes with 50% vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18365,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9813
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8552
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureJJ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureJJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure JJ",
"raceDescription": "Dublin. Government accountability. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18191,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13880
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4311
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureK1": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureK1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure K1",
"raceDescription": "Hayward. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 32223,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26750
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5473
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureLL": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureLL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure LL",
"raceDescription": "Newark. Transient occupancy tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 11565,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9272
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2293
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureMM": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureMM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure MM",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Wildfire protection zone. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 26532,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18944
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7588
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureNN": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureNN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure NN",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Parking tax. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 110708,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 79083
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 31625
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureOO": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureOO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure OO",
"raceDescription": "Oakland. Public ethics comission. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 104689,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 76191
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28498
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasurePP": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasurePP",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure PP",
"raceDescription": "Pleasanton. Sales tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 25800,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11629
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14171
}
]
},
"AlamedaMeasureQQ": {
"id": "AlamedaMeasureQQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Measure QQ",
"raceDescription": "Union City. Gross receipts tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18793,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15235
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3558
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6388,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1665
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1791
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 290
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1136
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1506
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyCityCouncilFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany City Council Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top three candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top3",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6291.6428,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jennifer Hansen-Romero",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1606
},
{
"candidateName": "Peggy (Margaret) McQuaid",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1606
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Garrett-Pinguelo (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Tiedemann",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1417.8526
},
{
"candidateName": "Preston Jordan ",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1661.7902
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducation",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5676,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1240
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1634
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 579
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2223
}
]
},
"AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaAlbanyBoardofEducationFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Albany Board of Education Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5551.0707,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jolene Gazmen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1523.4835
},
{
"candidateName": "Dayna Inkeles",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2121.5872
},
{
"candidateName": "Brian L. Doss (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Veronica Davidson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1906
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayor": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayor",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 36786,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13630
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14263
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8237
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 329
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 327
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyMayorFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34492,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Adena Ishii",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17055
},
{
"candidateName": "Sophie Hahn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17437
},
{
"candidateName": "Kate Harrison (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Naomi D. Pete (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Logan Bowie (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4936,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Terry Taplin",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3506
},
{
"candidateName": "Jenny Guarino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1430
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4462,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1123
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 977
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2362
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4277,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Deborah Matthews",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1319
},
{
"candidateName": "John “Chip” Moore (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Bartlett",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2958
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6659,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 788
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1321
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4550
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6439,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Nilang Gor (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Todd Andrew",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1527
},
{
"candidateName": "Shoshana O’Keefe",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4912
}
]
},
"AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaBerkeleyCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Berkeley City Council, District 6",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5457,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Brent Blackaby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3419
},
{
"candidateName": "Andy Katz",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2038
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLarge",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 100091,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3581
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 21023
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3368
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 29331
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1677
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 28331
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1934
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6113
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3856
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 877
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilAtLargeFinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, At Large Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 88656,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Cristina “Tina” Tostado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Charlene Wang (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Mindy Ruth Pechenuk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Rowena Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 49679
},
{
"candidateName": "Nancy Sidebotham (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "LeRonne L. Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 38977
},
{
"candidateName": "Fabian Robinson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shawn Danino (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Kanitha Matoury (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Selika Thomas (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 21884,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1782
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16836
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3266
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 21642,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Edward C. Frank (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Zac Unger",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18011
},
{
"candidateName": "Len Raphael",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3631
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12741,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1014
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5911
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 878
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4060
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 376
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 502
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12078,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Baba Afolabi (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Carroll Fife",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6860
},
{
"candidateName": "Michelle D. Hailey (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Warren Mitchell Logan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5218
},
{
"candidateName": "Shan M. Hirsch (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Meron Semedar (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7849,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4254
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1144
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2451
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7717,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Noel Gallo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4658
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Prado (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Erin Armstrong",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3059
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9345,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1496
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3150
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2927
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1772
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityCouncilDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Council, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8592,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Merika Goolsby (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ken Houston",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4504
},
{
"candidateName": "Iris Merriouns",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4088
},
{
"candidateName": "Marcie Hodge (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandCityAttorney",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland City Attorney",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 96055,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Brenda Harbin-Forte",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 39746
},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Richardson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 56309
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 1 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 21289,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Rachel Latta",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16566
},
{
"candidateName": "Benjamin Salop",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4723
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 3 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12256,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Dwayne Aikens Jr.",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5551
},
{
"candidateName": "VanCedric Williams",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6705
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 5 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7674,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sasha Ritzie-Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3496
},
{
"candidateName": "Patrice Berry",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4178
}
]
},
"AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7": {
"id": "AlamedaOaklandSchoolDirectorDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "Oakland School Director, District 7 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 8798,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Clifford Thompson",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 5532
},
{
"candidateName": "Dominic Ware",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3266
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15732,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sbeydeh Viveros Walton",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15732
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict2",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20120,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Ed Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 9883
},
{
"candidateName": "Bryan Azevedo",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10237
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict4": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict4",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 4 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:15 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 11, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15724,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Fred Simon",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 15724
}
]
},
"AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict6": {
"id": "AlamedaSanLeandroCityCouncilDistrict6",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Alameda",
"raceName": "San Leandro City Council, District 6 ",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6144,
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"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6251,
"candidates": [
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 21161,
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"location": "Marin",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5497,
"candidates": [
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"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure O",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5553,
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure P",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19646,
"candidates": [
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"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 252,
"candidates": [
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"location": "Marin",
"raceName": "Measure R",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "6:59 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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{
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{
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Scott Owens",
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"location": "Napa",
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{
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},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea4": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Eve Ryser",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2192
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},
"NapaNapaValleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea5": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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{
"candidateName": "David T. Gracia",
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},
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top1",
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{
"candidateName": "Julianna Hart",
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},
"NapaFairfieldSuisunUnifiedSchoolDistrictTrusteeArea3": {
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"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Judi Honeychurch",
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"raceType": "top1",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Pierre Washington",
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},
"NapaAmericanCanyonCityCouncil": {
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"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"location": "Napa",
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{
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{
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{
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"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Beth Painter",
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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},
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "Billy Summers",
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]
},
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "St Helena City Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2258,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Michelle Deasy",
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{
"candidateName": "Hector R. Marroquin",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Barak",
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]
},
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"id": "NapaYountvilleTownCouncil",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Yountville Town Council",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 1542,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Joe Tagliaboschi",
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{
"candidateName": "Robert Moore",
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{
"candidateName": "Pam Reeves",
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"candidateParty": "",
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{
"candidateName": "Eric E. Knight",
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"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
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"id": "NapaMeasureBSchool",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Napa",
"raceName": "Napa Valley Unified School District, Measure B",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 29646,
"candidates": [
{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
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]
},
"NapaMeasureU": {
"id": "NapaMeasureU",
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"location": "Napa",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 39740,
"candidates": [
{
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{
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
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"NapaMeasureA1": {
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"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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"location": "Napa",
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"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:12 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "No",
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"SFBoardofEducation": {
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"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Education",
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"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Lefteris Eleftheriou",
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{
"candidateName": "Jaime Huling",
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{
"candidateName": "Ann Hsu",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 77695
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{
"candidateName": "John Jersin",
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"voteCount": 118285
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{
"candidateName": "Parag Gupta",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 134340
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{
"candidateName": "Matt Alexander",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 118643
},
{
"candidateName": "Supryia Marie Ray",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 123943
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{
"candidateName": "Virginia Cheung",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 96769
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{
"candidateName": "Min Chang",
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"voteCount": 46773
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{
"candidateName": "Maddy Krantz",
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"voteCount": 30887
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]
},
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"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Community College Board",
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"raceType": "top4",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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{
"candidateName": "Leanna C. Louie",
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"voteCount": 48190
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{
"candidateName": "Heather McCarty",
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"voteCount": 156876
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{
"candidateName": "Julio J. Ramos",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 36552
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{
"candidateName": "Aliya Chisti",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 145277
},
{
"candidateName": "Ben Kaplan",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 46951
},
{
"candidateName": "Alan Wong",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 135804
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{
"candidateName": "Luis Zamora",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 113935
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]
},
"SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 7",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 118546,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Victor E. Flores",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 67366
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{
"candidateName": "Dana Lang",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 51180
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]
},
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"id": "SFBARTBoardofDirectorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District Director, District 9",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 132310,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 83538
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{
"candidateName": "Joe Sangirardi",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 48772
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]
},
"SFMeasureA": {
"id": "SFMeasureA",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure A",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco Unified School District. School bond. Passes with 55% vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 359845,
"candidates": [
{
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"SFMeasureB": {
"id": "SFMeasureB",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure B",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Community health and safety bond. Passes with 2/3 vote. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 359415,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 260482
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
},
"SFMeasureC": {
"id": "SFMeasureC",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure C",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Inspector General position. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 353766,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 214391
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{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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]
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"SFMeasureD": {
"id": "SFMeasureD",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure D",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions and mayoral authority. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 350258,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 152063
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 198195
}
]
},
"SFMeasureE": {
"id": "SFMeasureE",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure E",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Commissions task force. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 347875,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 182333
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 165542
}
]
},
"SFMeasureF": {
"id": "SFMeasureF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure F",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Police pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 345631,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 156219
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 189412
}
]
},
"SFMeasureG": {
"id": "SFMeasureG",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure G",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Affordable housing. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 354020,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 206025
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 147995
}
]
},
"SFMeasureH": {
"id": "SFMeasureH",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure H",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Firefighter pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 349644,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 181789
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 167855
}
]
},
"SFMeasureI": {
"id": "SFMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure I",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Nurse and 911 operator pensions. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 347461,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 248261
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 99200
}
]
},
"SFMeasureJ": {
"id": "SFMeasureJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure J",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. City spending. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 346681,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 283731
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 62950
}
]
},
"SFMeasureK": {
"id": "SFMeasureK",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure K",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Permanently closing Upper Great Highway to private vehicles. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 359665,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 194979
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 164686
}
]
},
"SFMeasureL": {
"id": "SFMeasureL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure L",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Transportation network companies tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 353222,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 201074
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 152148
}
]
},
"SFMeasureM": {
"id": "SFMeasureM",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure M",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Business tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 327376,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 228038
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 99338
}
]
},
"SFMeasureN": {
"id": "SFMeasureN",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure N",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Student loan reimbursement. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 347332,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 177654
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 169678
}
]
},
"SFMeasureO": {
"id": "SFMeasureO",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Measure O",
"raceDescription": "San Francisco. Reproductive rights. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 356329,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Yes",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 298529
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 57800
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound1": {
"id": "SFMayorRound1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Round 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 372277,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 90503
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 68866
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1209
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1779
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2682
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 99235
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1512
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 85293
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 692
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10923
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1358
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 358
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 7867
}
]
},
"SFMayorRound3": {
"id": "SFMayorRound3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "San Francisco Mayor Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 316802,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "London Breed",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 141650
},
{
"candidateName": "Mark Farrell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Henry Flynn (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Keith Freedman (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dylan Hirsch-Shell (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Lurie",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 175152
},
{
"candidateName": "Nelson Mei (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Aaron Peskin (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Robertson (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ahsha Safai (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Shahram Shariati (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jon Soderstrom (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Ellen Zhou (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35018,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 877
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14592
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16435
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1327
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1787
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict1FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 1 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 33850,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sherman D'Silva (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Marjan Philhour",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16315
},
{
"candidateName": "Connie Chan",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 17535
},
{
"candidateName": "Jeremiah Boehner (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jen Nossokoff (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27115,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8018
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3569
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1388
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 784
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10770
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2586
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict3FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 3 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 24140,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Sharon Lai",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 10785
},
{
"candidateName": "Moe Jamil (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Wendy Ha Chau (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Eduard Navarro (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Danny Sauter",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13355
},
{
"candidateName": "Matthew Susk (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result reflects redistributed votes. The results of the instant runoff will change as more first-choice votes are counted.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28741,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2488
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11448
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 2704
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 424
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11677
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict5FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 5 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 26932,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Autumn Hope Looijen (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Bilal Mahmood",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 14232
},
{
"candidateName": "Scotty Jacobs (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Allen Jones (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Dean Preston",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12700
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 35985,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16821
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 4875
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1183
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13106
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict7FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 7 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 34152,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Myrna Melgar",
"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 18067
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Martin-Pinto (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Edward S. Yee (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Matt Boschetto",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16085
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 9 Round One",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This result only reflects voters’ first-choice candidate. If votes are redistributed in an instant runoff, they are not reflected in this result.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 31414,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jackie Fielder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 13237
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Jon Torres",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 1081
},
{
"candidateName": "Roberto Hernandez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 6331
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Gutierrez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 882
},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 8790
},
{
"candidateName": "Julian Bermudez",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 566
},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 527
}
]
},
"SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9FinalRound": {
"id": "SFBoardofSupervisorsDistrict9FinalRound",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Francisco",
"raceName": "Board of Supervisors, District 9 Final Round",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. This is the latest ranked choice data provided by the Department of Elections office.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 28244,
"candidates": [
{
"candidateName": "Jackie Fielder",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 16766
},
{
"candidateName": "Stephen Jon Torres (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Roberto Hernandez (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Jaime Gutierrez (eliminated)",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 0
},
{
"candidateName": "Trevor Chandler",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11478
},
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "H. Brown (eliminated)",
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}
]
},
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"location": "San Francisco",
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"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
"candidateName": "Michael Lai",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Chyanne Chen",
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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]
},
"SFCityAttorney": {
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"location": "San Francisco",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Richard T. Woon",
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}
]
},
"SFDistrictAttorney": {
"id": "SFDistrictAttorney",
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{
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"candidateParty": "",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Ryan Khojasteh",
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}
]
},
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"id": "SFSheriff",
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"location": "San Francisco",
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"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Paul Miyamoto",
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]
},
"SFTreasurer": {
"id": "SFTreasurer",
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"location": "San Francisco",
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"timeUpdated": "7:27 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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}
]
},
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{
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]
},
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},
{
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]
},
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{
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]
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},
{
"candidateName": "Lisa A. Petrides",
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Daniel Torunian",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Jacob Yuryev",
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}
]
},
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"raceName": "Sequoia Union High School District, Governing Board, Trustee Area E",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Maria E. Cruz",
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},
{
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}
]
},
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"raceName": "Brisbane School District, Governing Board",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Christine Oquendo",
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}
]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Andrea Jordan",
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},
{
"candidateName": "Cheryll Catuar",
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"voteCount": 10345
}
]
},
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"id": "SMLasLomitasElementarySchoolDistrictGoverningBoardFullTerm",
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Las Lomitas Elementary School District, Governing Board — Full Term",
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{
"candidateName": "Jason Morimoto",
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{
"candidateName": "Pooya Sarabandi",
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}
]
},
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Shauna Smith",
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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{
"candidateName": "Lisa Gauthier",
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]
},
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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]
},
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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]
},
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{
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]
},
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"id": "SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict2FullTerm",
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{
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},
{
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{
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{
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]
},
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"id": "SMBurlingameCityCouncilDistrict4FullTerm",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
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{
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},
{
"candidateName": "Donna Colson",
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}
]
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13731,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 9857
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"id": "SMMeasureJ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure J",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 10724,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 6802
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SMMeasureEE": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure EE",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 18858,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 13654
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{
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"type": "localRace",
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"raceName": "Measure S",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 7575,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 5923
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SMMeasureX": {
"id": "SMMeasureX",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure X",
"raceDescription": "San Bruno Park School District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15385,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 11539
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 3846
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"SMMeasureO": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure O",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 14624,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 12084
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 2540
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"SMMeasureY": {
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure Y",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 1931,
"candidates": [
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"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure DD",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 12717,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 10764
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 539,
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"SMMeasureJJ": {
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"raceName": "Measure JJ",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5976,
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"voteCount": 4601
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13034,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 9669
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"type": "localRace",
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"raceName": "Measure R",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 3895
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"raceName": "Measure CC",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 15208,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 12689
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"location": "San Mateo",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 9729,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 7588
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 19348,
"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 15054
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure BB",
"raceDescription": "Redwood City. Business license tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 31257,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 26179
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 5078
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"SMMeasureQ": {
"id": "SMMeasureQ",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure Q",
"raceDescription": "San Bruno. Infrastructure bond. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 16892,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 12299
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 4593
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},
"SMMeasureL": {
"id": "SMMeasureL",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure L",
"raceDescription": "San Carlos. Appoint city treasurer. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 14806,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 11075
},
{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3731
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]
},
"SMMeasureT": {
"id": "SMMeasureT",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure T",
"raceDescription": "San Mateo. Affordable housing. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 41630,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 24611
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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]
},
"SMMeasureW": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure W",
"raceDescription": "South San Francisco. Business lincese tax. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23994,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 19386
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 4608
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]
},
"SMMeasureI": {
"id": "SMMeasureI",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure I",
"raceDescription": "Broadmoor Police Protection District. Parcel tax. Passes with 2/3 vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2055,
"candidates": [
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 876
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{
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
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},
"SMMeasureII": {
"id": "SMMeasureII",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "San Mateo",
"raceName": "Measure II",
"raceDescription": "Pescadero Municipal Advisory Council. Number of members. Passes with majority vote.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:32 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 594,
"candidates": [
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"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 434
},
{
"candidateName": "No",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
"candidateParty": "",
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"SCCampbellCityCouncilDistrict1": {
"id": "SCCampbellCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Campbell City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
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"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 17381,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 20264,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure W",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 23352,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure X",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
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"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 38513,
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"location": "Santa Clara",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 27400,
"candidates": [
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Santa Clara",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:53 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 13, 2024",
"totalVotes": 53325,
"candidates": [
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"timeUpdated": "8:15 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "8:15 PM",
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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{
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"raceName": "Sonoma County Junior College District, Trustee Area 3 (Rohnert Park Area)",
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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{
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"type": "localRace",
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"raceName": "Shoreline Unified School District, Trustee Area 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. Includes votes from Sonoma and Marin Counties.",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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{
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"raceName": "Windsor Unified School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
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"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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{
"candidateName": "George A. Horwedel",
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{
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Petaluma City (Elementary) and Petaluma Joint Union High School Districts Governing Board, Trustee Area 4",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
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"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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"candidates": [
{
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{
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]
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "West Sonoma County Union High School District Governing Board, Trustee Area 2",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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"candidates": [
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"voteCount": 2350
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{
"candidateName": "Debbie Ramirez",
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]
},
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"id": "SonomaOakGroveUnionSchoolDistrictGoverningBoard",
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Oak Grove Union School District Governing Board",
"raceDescription": "Top two candidates win seat.",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top2",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2678,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
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"voteCount": 1042
},
{
"candidateName": "Kali Dukes Wagner",
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"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 725
},
{
"candidateName": "Paloma Escalante De Burrows",
"candidateIncumbent": false,
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"voteCount": 911
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]
},
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"id": "SonomaSantaRosaCityCouncilDistrict1",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Santa Rosa City Council, District 1",
"raceDescription": "Top candidate wins seat. ",
"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "top1",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 3161,
"candidates": [
{
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"candidateIncumbent": true,
"candidateParty": "",
"voteCount": 3161
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]
},
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
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"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 6493,
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"location": "Sonoma",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2830,
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"location": "Sonoma",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 2326,
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5261,
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"location": "Sonoma",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 5401,
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"voteCount": 3109
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Measure X",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 4924,
"candidates": [
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"SonomaMeasureZ": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Measure Z",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 13832,
"candidates": [
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"SonomaMeasureI": {
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"type": "localRace",
"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Measure I",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 182503,
"candidates": [
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"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Measure J",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 185130,
"candidates": [
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"location": "Sonoma",
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"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 58831,
"candidates": [
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"SonomaMeasureFF": {
"id": "SonomaMeasureFF",
"type": "localRace",
"location": "Sonoma",
"raceName": "Measure FF",
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"raceReadTheStory": "",
"raceType": "yesNo",
"timeUpdated": "7:28 PM",
"dateUpdated": "Nov 12, 2024",
"totalVotes": 58727,
"candidates": [
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